1
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Fan YW, Zhang WJ, Ao ZY, Chen JY, Lian X, Pan YC, Chen LP, Jiang DX, Wu JW. Four new eudesmane-type and one new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes from the whole plant of Carpesium abrotanoides L. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105548. [PMID: 37236512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The extract of the whole plant of Carpesium abrotanoides L. yielded five new sesquiterpenes including four eudesmanes (1-4) and one eremophilane (5). The new compounds were characterized by spectroscopic analysis especially 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS data. Structurally, both compounds 1 and 2 were sesquiterpene epoxides and 2 owned an epoxy group at C-4/C-15 position to form a spiro skeleton. Compounds 4 and 5 were two sesquiterpenes without lactones and 5 possessed a carboxy group in the molecule. Additionally, all the isolated compounds were preliminarily evaluated for the inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. As a result, compound 2 showed moderate activity with an IC50 value of 18.79 μM, while other compounds were devoid of noticeable activity (IC50 > 50 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Fan
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Ao
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Yan Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Lian
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong-Chen Pan
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Xu Jiang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jie-Wei Wu
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Katsutani K, Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Otsuka H, Matsunami K, Mizuta T. Eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycosides: sonneratiosides A-E and eudesmol β-D-glucopyranoside from the leaves of Sonneratia alba. J Nat Med 2020; 74:119-26. [PMID: 31392565 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Five eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycosides, named sonneratiosides A-E (1-5), were isolated from the leaves of Sonneratia alba (Lythraceae). The aglycone of sonneratioside A was identified as cryptomeridiol also known as proximadiol. X-ray crystallographic analysis of sonneratioside A confirmed its structure and its absolute stereochemistry. Eudesmol β-D-glucopyranoside (6) was also isolated from nature for the first time. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was assayed for the new compounds together with seven known compounds. Among them, arbutin (12) showed the expected activity and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (10) showed comparable activity to arbutin.
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3
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Yang JL, Liu LL, Shi YP. Two New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenoids from the Flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2019; 9:145-148. [PMID: 30820878 PMCID: PMC6426898 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, i.e. Ye-ju-hua recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been widely used in China as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying herb for the treatment of inflammation, headache, and vertigo. A phytochemical investigation of this herb has led to the isolation of two new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids, 7-epi-eudesm-4(15),11(13)-diene-1β,3β-diol (1) and 7-epi-1β-hydroxy-β-eudesmol (2). The molecular structures of these new sesquiterpenoids were established based on the comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including NMR, MS, and IR, and comparing with the literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Jiang Y, Liu Y, Guo Q, Xu C, Zhu C, Shi J. Sesquiterpene glycosides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:46-54. [PMID: 26904398 PMCID: PMC4724660 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new sesquiterpene glycosides, named codonopsesquilosides A−C (1−3), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. These glycosides are categorized as C15 carotenoid (1), gymnomitrane (2), and eudesmane (3) types of sesquiterpenoids, respectively. Compound 1 is the first diglycoside of C15 carotenoids to be reported. Compound 2 represents the second reported example of gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids from higher plants. The absolute configurations were supported by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectra with the calculated electronic CD (ECD) spectra of 1−3, their aglycones, and model compounds based on quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. The influences of the glycosyls on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic sesquiterpenoids, as well as some nomenclature and descriptive problems with gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qinglan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chengbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenggen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiangong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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5
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Kuhnert E, Surup F, Wiebach V, Bernecker S, Stadler M. Botryane, nor eudesmane and abietane terpenoids from the ascomycete Hypoxylon rickii. Phytochemistry 2015; 117:116-122. [PMID: 26071840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our screening for new bioactive natural products, a culture of Hypoxylon rickii, a xylariaceous ascomycete collected from the Caribbean island Martinique, was identified as extraordinary prolific producer of secondary metabolites. Ten metabolites of terpenoid origin were isolated from submerged cultures of this species by preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated using spectral techniques including 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Three of the compounds were elucidated as new botryanes (1-3) along with three known ones, i.e. (3aS)-3a,5,5,8-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[de]isochromen-1-one (4), (3aS,8R)-3a,5,5,8-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[de]isochromen-1-one (5) and botryenanol (6). Further three new sesquiterpenoids featured a 14-noreudesmane-type skeleton and were named hypoxylan A-C (7-9); the diterpenoid rickitin A (10) contains an abietane-type backbone. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 showed cytotoxic effects against murine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kuhnert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vincent Wiebach
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Kuhnert E, Surup F, Wiebach V, Bernecker S, Stadler M. Botryane, nor eudesmane and abietane terpenoids from the ascomycete Hypoxylon rickii. Phytochemistry 2015; 117:116-122. [PMID: 26071840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our screening for new bioactive natural products, a culture of Hypoxylon rickii, a xylariaceous ascomycete collected from the Caribbean island Martinique, was identified as extraordinary prolific producer of secondary metabolites. Ten metabolites of terpenoid origin were isolated from submerged cultures of this species by preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated using spectral techniques including 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Three of the compounds were elucidated as new botryanes (1-3) along with three known ones, i.e. (3aS)-3a,5,5,8-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[de]isochromen-1-one (4), (3aS,8R)-3a,5,5,8-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[de]isochromen-1-one (5) and botryenanol (6). Further three new sesquiterpenoids featured a 14-noreudesmane-type skeleton and were named hypoxylan A-C (7-9); the diterpenoid rickitin A (10) contains an abietane-type backbone. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 showed cytotoxic effects against murine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kuhnert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vincent Wiebach
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Todorova M, Trendafilova A, Danova K, Simmons L, Wolfram E, Meier B, Riedl R, Evstatieva L. Highly oxygenated sesquiterpenes in Artemisia alba Turra. Phytochemistry 2015; 110:140-149. [PMID: 25541045 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ten new sesquiterpene alcohols of which seven germacranes, a eudesmane, a guaiane and an oplopane were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia alba Turra. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectral methods ((1)H and (13)C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, and MS). In addition, the known 7-hydroxycadin-4-en-3-one, centaureidin and axillarin were found for the first time in the studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Todorova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antoaneta Trendafilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Kalina Danova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luke Simmons
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Phytopharmacy, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Beat Meier
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Phytopharmacy, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Luba Evstatieva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Wittayalai S, Mahidol C, Prachyawarakorn V, Prawat H, Ruchirawat S. Terpenoids from the roots of Drypetes hoaensis and their cytotoxic activities. Phytochemistry 2014; 99:121-126. [PMID: 24472391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven terpenoids consisting of five sesquiterpenoids, hoaensieremone, hoaensieremodione, hoaensifuranonal, hoaensieudesone, and hoaensibenzofuranal, and two friedelane triterpenoids, 3α-(E)-p-coumaroyloxyfriedelan-7-one and 3α-(E)-caffeoyloxyfriedelan-7-one were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the roots of Drypetes hoaensis. Additionally, twelve known compounds and vanillin were isolated. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data. The anticancer activity of nine of these compounds was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute and Center for Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Hunsa Prawat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute and Center for Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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9
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Wang GC, Li GQ, Geng HW, Li T, Xu JJ, Ma F, Wu X, Ye WC, Li YL. Eudesmane-type sesquiterpene derivatives from Laggera alata. Phytochemistry 2013; 96:201-207. [PMID: 23954074 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ten eudesmane-type sesquiterpene derivatives (1-10), including six cuauhtemone derivatives (1-6), one di-norsesquiterpene (3-oxo-di-nor-eudesma-4-en-11-oic acid, 7), and three eudesmane glycosides (alatoside F-H, 8-10) were isolated from the whole plants of Laggera alata together with 12 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, acid hydrolysis, and compounds 1 and 7 were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the application of the modified Mosher's method. All of the isolated eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on six human cancer cell lines, but all of the compounds were inactive on the tested cell lines in the concentration of 100 μg/mL.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Asteraceae/chemistry
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Glycosides
- Humans
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/isolation & purification
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Cai Wang
- Instituent of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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10
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Cheng XR, Zhang SD, Wang CH, Ren J, Qin JJ, Tang X, Shen YH, Yan SK, Jin HZ, Zhang WD. Bioactive eudesmane and germacrane derivatives from Inula wissmanniana Hand.-Mazz. Phytochemistry 2013; 96:214-222. [PMID: 24189347 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Inula wissmanniana Hand.-Mazz. afforded 21 eudesmane and germacrane derivatives, including rare 4,5-secoeudesman-12,5-olide, eudesman-12,5-olide, 3,4-secoeudesman-12-oic acid, and germacra-4-en-12,6-olides. Their structures were elucidated by combinative analyses of MS, NMR, electronic circular dichroism, and X-ray crystallography data. Moreover, most of the isolates exhibited inhibition against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages and cytotoxicity in HepG2, PC-3, and MGC-803 tumor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Inula/chemistry
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Mice
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/isolation & purification
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/pharmacology
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/isolation & purification
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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