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Zhao Y, Xu Q, He N, Jiang M, Chen Y, Ren Z, Tang Z, Wu C, Liu L. Non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins: The underappreciated risk factors for atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2023:CMC-EPUB-133427. [PMID: 37550912 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230807154019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular diseases, is a main risk factor causing about 20 million deaths each year worldwide. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is recognized as the most important and independent risk factor in initiating and promoting atherosclerosis. Numerous antioxidants are extensively used in clinical practice, but they have no significant effect on reducing the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This finding suggests that researchers should pay more attention to the important role of non-oxidative modified low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis with a focus on oxidized low-density lipoprotein. This review briefly summarizes several important non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins associated with atherosclerosis, introduces the pathways through which these non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins induce the development of atherosclerosis in vivo, and discusses the mechanism of atherogenesis induced by these non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins. New therapeutic strategies and potential drug targets are provided for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Naiqi He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mulin Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yingzhuo Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhihan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lushan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Cheng W, Shu M, Kuang L, Bai X, Jia X, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Zhu L, Wang L, Zhu Y, Shu Y, Song Y, Jin S. Scavenger receptor a mediates glycated LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells to promote atherosclerosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123836. [PMID: 36849072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Glycated low-density lipoprotein (G-LDL) is an established proatherosclerotic factor, but the mechanism is not completely understood. In vitro, we evaluated the uptake and transcytosis rates of N-LDL and G-LDL in endothelial cells and the uptake and transcytosis rates of G-LDL were much higher than those of N-LDL. Then, using small interfering RNAs, the receptor mediating G-LDL uptake and transcytosis was screened among eight candidate receptors, and the mechanism of the receptor regulation was thoroughly examined. We discovered that scavenger receptor A (SR-A) knockdown dramatically decreased the uptake and transcytosis rates of G-LDL. Additionally, endothelial cells with overexpressed SR-A had enhanced G-LDL uptake and transcytosis. In vivo, G-LDL was injected in the tail vein of ApoE-/- mice to investigate whether G-LDL affects atherosclerotic plaque formation. Compared with the injection of N-LDL, the injection of G-LDL accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice, which was ameliorated by endothelial cells specific SR-A knockdown. Together, our results provide the first demonstration that the transcytosis of G-LDL across endothelial cells is much faster than that of N-LDL and SR-A is the major type of receptor responsible for G-LDL binding and transcytosis across endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liwen Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangli Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yajing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Kalaria TR, Sirajwala HB, Gohel MG. Serum fructosamine, serum glycated albumin and serum glycated β-lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without microvascular complications. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:53. [PMID: 27896233 PMCID: PMC5117551 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Glycation of serum proteins has been proposed as an important mechanism of complications of diabetes but whether there are differences in glycation of different serum proteins and whether it has any correlation with development of microvascular complications has not been studied in depth. This study aimed to assess level of serum fructosamine, glycated albumin and glycated β-lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without microvascular complications and to find out their correlation with diabetes complications. Methods Case–control study involving 150 individuals at a tertiary care hospital in western India. Fifty participants were healthy controls (group 1), 50 were type 2 diabetes patients without any evident microvascular complication (group 2) and 50 were type 2 diabetes patients with one or more microvascular complications (group 3). Serum fructosamine, FBS, PP2BS and other biochemical parameters were measured. Glycated albumin and glycated β-lipoprotein were measured by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by NBT staining. Unpaired t-test was used to find out significance of difference between two groups and correlation coefficient to find out statistical correlation between two variables. Results Type 2 diabetes patients with one or more microvascular complications had poor glycemic control as indicated by markers of short and mid-term glycemia. Differences between the groups for fructosamine, glycated albumin and glycated β-lipoprotein were significant (p < 0.001). Glycated albumin correlated with FBS, PP2BS and fructosamine in all diabetic patients (group 2 and 3) whereas glycated β-lipoprotein correlated with these parameters only in group 3 and it was markedly elevated in group 3. Conclusion Serum glycated β-lipoprotein was disproportionately elevated compared to fructosamine and glycated albumin in diabetes patients with microvascular complications (group 3) and it correlated with rest of glycemic markers only in this group. Glycated β-lipoprotein might help in identifying diabetic individuals at high future risk of developing microvascular complications.
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