Severe Hepatitis-associated Aplastic Anemia Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

We herein report a case of hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) that occurred after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) vaccination. In this patient, progressive pancytopenia observed two months after acute hepatitis following the second dose of the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine indicated the development of HAAA. Although some reports have suggested that SARS-Cov-2 vaccination may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases, no cases of HAAA developing after SARS-Cov-2 vaccination have been reported. SARS-Cov-2 vaccination in children has only started relatively recently, so the range of side effects in children has not yet been thoroughly described. Therefore, we need to strengthen surveillance for symptoms of children who are vaccinated.

Interference in ELISA

ELISA is a well-established technique used worldwide to quantify analytes present in a diverse milieu of biological samplings. It is especially important to clinicians who rely on the accuracy and precision of the test to administer patient care. Those results are to be held with great scrutiny since the assay is subject to error caused by interfering substances found in the sample matrix. In this chapter, we examine the nature of such interferences and discuss approaches to identify and offer remedies to remove the interference and validate the assay.

ELISA Essentials: Surfaces, Antibodies, Enzymes, and Substrates

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a powerful analytical tool for the assessment of the kind and quantity of specific analytes found within a biological sample. It is based upon the exceptional specificity of antibody recognition of its cognate antigen and the power of enzyme-mediated signal amplification for sensitivity. However, development of the assay is not without challenges. Here, we describe the essential components and features necessary to successfully prepare and carry out the ELISA format.