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Ong KL, Cochran BBiotech BJ, Manandhar B, Thomas S, Rye KA. HDL maturation and remodelling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159119. [PMID: 35121104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol in the circulation is mostly transported in an esterified form as a component of lipoproteins. The majority of these cholesteryl esters are produced in nascent, discoidal high density lipoproteins (HDLs) by the enzyme, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Discoidal HDLs are discrete populations of particles that consist of a phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophobic acyl chains of which are shielded from the aqueous environment by apolipoproteins that also confer water solubility on the particles. The progressive LCAT-mediated accumulation of cholesteryl esters in discoidal HDLs generates the spherical HDLs that predominate in normal human plasma. Spherical HDLs contain a core of water insoluble, neutral lipids (cholesteryl esters and triglycerides) that is surrounded by a surface monolayer of phospholipids with which apolipoproteins associate. Although spherical HDLs all have the same basic structure, they are extremely diverse in size, composition, and function. This review is concerned with how the biogenesis of discoidal and spherical HDLs is regulated and the mechanistic basis of their size and compositional heterogeneity. Current understanding of the impact of this heterogeneity on the therapeutic potential of HDLs of varying size and composition is also addressed in the context of several disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Leung Ong
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran BBiotech
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Gillard BK, Rosales C, Xu B, Gotto AM, Pownall HJ. Rethinking reverse cholesterol transport and dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:849-856. [PMID: 29731282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations are a negative risk factor for atherosclerosis-linked cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological attempts to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by increasing plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have been disappointing so that recent research has shifted from HDL quantity to HDL quality, that is, functional vs dysfunctional HDL. HDL has varying degrees of dysfunction reflected in impaired reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In the context of atheroprotection, RCT occurs by 2 mechanisms: one is the well-known trans-hepatic pathway comprising macrophage free cholesterol (FC) efflux, which produces early forms of FC-rich nascent HDL (nHDL). Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase converts HDL-FC to HDL-cholesteryl ester while converting nHDL from a disc to a mature spherical HDL, which transfers its cholesteryl ester to the hepatic HDL receptor, scavenger receptor B1 for uptake, conversion to bile salts, or transfer to the intestine for excretion. Although widely cited, current evidence suggests that this is a minor pathway and that most HDL-FC and nHDL-FC rapidly transfer directly to the liver independent of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. A small fraction of plasma HDL-FC enters the trans-intestinal efflux pathway comprising direct FC transfer to the intestine. SR-B1-/- mice, which have impaired trans-hepatic FC transport, are characterized by high plasma levels of a dysfunctional FC-rich HDL that increases plasma FC bioavailability in a way that produces whole-body hypercholesterolemia and multiple pathologies. The design of future therapeutic strategies to improve RCT will have to be formulated in the context of these dual RCT mechanisms and the role of FC bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba K Gillard
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corina Rosales
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Antonio M Gotto
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry J Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Bi X, Pashos EE, Cuchel M, Lyssenko NN, Hernandez M, Picataggi A, McParland J, Yang W, Liu Y, Yan R, Yu C, DerOhannessian SL, Phillips MC, Morrisey EE, Duncan SA, Rader DJ. ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Deficiency in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes Abrogates HDL Biogenesis and Enhances Triglyceride Secretion. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:139-145. [PMID: 28330813 PMCID: PMC5405159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized role of the ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, our understanding of ABCA1 deficiency in human hepatocytes is limited. To define the functional effects of human hepatocyte ABCA1 deficiency, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from Tangier disease (TD) and matched control subjects. Control HLCs exhibited robust cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and formed nascent HDL particles. ABCA1-deficient HLCs failed to mediate lipid efflux or nascent HDL formation, but had elevated triglyceride (TG) secretion. Global transcriptome analysis revealed significantly increased ANGPTL3 expression in ABCA1-deficient HLCs. Angiopoietin-related protein 3 (ANGPTL3) was enriched in plasma of TD relative to control subjects. These results highlight the required role of ABCA1 in cholesterol efflux and nascent HDL formation by hepatocytes. Furthermore, our results suggest that hepatic ABCA1 deficiency results in increased hepatic TG and ANGPTL3 secretion, potentially underlying the elevated plasma TG levels in TD patients. ABCA1 deficiency in human hepatocytes abolishes nascent HDL formation, but elevates triglyceride secretion ABCA1 deficiency increases hepatic ANGPTL3 expression and secretion Tangier disease patients display higher plasma ANGPTL3 levels relative to normal HDL control subjects
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key regulator of high-density lipoprotein metabolism, but the intrinsic functional impact of human hepatocyte ABCA1 deficiency is yet to be defined. We generated hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) of patients with Tangier disease (TD), a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in ABCA1. ABCA1 deficiency in HLCs abrogates lipid efflux and nascent HDL formation but increases triglyceride secretion. ANGPTL3 has also been uncovered as a potential mediator of hypertriglyceridemia in TD. This study thus highlights the utility of iPSC-derived cells in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evanthia E Pashos
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas N Lyssenko
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mayda Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Antonino Picataggi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James McParland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruilan Yan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Yu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie L DerOhannessian
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC 29425, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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