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The effect of the cardiac membrane potential on the rapid availability of the sodium-carrying system. J Physiol 2003; 127:213-24. [PMID: 14354640 PMCID: PMC1365850 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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A modification of the Hodgkin--Huxley equations applicable to Purkinje fibre action and pace-maker potentials. J Physiol 1998; 160:317-52. [PMID: 14480151 PMCID: PMC1359535 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Abstract
The effect of electrical stimulation of cardioaccelerator and cardioinhibitor nerves on the mechanically recorded heart beat of crayfish was studied. Similar experiments were performed with the lobster, Homarus americanus. Quantitative relationships between uni- and bilateral accelerator and/or inhibitor nerve stimulation and the resulting change in frequency and amplitude of the heart beat were established. With increasing frequency of stimulation the accelerator nerves show a relative decrease in their action, while that of the inhibitor nerves increases. It appears that left and right regulator nerves have synaptic contacts at the same areas of the postsynaptic cells within the heart ganglion. Similar results are obtained whether all impulses arrive over one, or over the other, or over both accelerator (or inhibitor) nerves; the resulting acceleration or inhibition depends strictly on the number of accelerator, or inhibitor impulses arriving at the ganglion. The ganglion cells can adapt to the inhibitor action. This is shown to be a postsynaptic phenomenon. Adaptation to accelerator stimulation is virtually absent. Characteristic after-effects of the accelerator and inhibitor action were observed and quantitatively evaluated. The interpretation of the results is based on the assumption of chemical transmitter substances. It is concluded that the accelerating transmitter decays slowly while the inhibitory transmitter is inactivated relatively rapidly.
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Abstract
The structure and function of the atrioventricular conducting system of the heart, and its relationship to the myocardium, are examined from a developmental point of view. On the basis of information derived from electron micrographic, electrophysiologic, and developmental studies of heart tissue, it is concluded that: (1) The idea of the syncytial nature of the heart lacks a sound anatomic basis. (2) Cytodifferentiation during embryonic cardiogenesis results in the development of at least 2 distinct populations of cells: those comprising the bulk of the myocardium and a second type, the specialized cells of the conductive tissue, which differs in histology, biochemistry, and physiology. (3) The common view of the myocardium as a spontaneously active tissue may require revision, since several lines of evidence appear to indicate that myocardial cells are quiescent until stimulated by an extrinsic source. Under normal circumstances, this stimulus source is the conductive tissue.
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Influence of cardiac sympathetic and vagal nerve stimulation on the relation between left ventricular diastolic pressure and myocardial segment length. Circ Res 1998; 8:1100-7. [PMID: 13771339 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.8.5.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effect of phenoxybenzamine on vagal inhibition of the heart. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1962; 40:1457-9. [PMID: 13867195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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13
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[Negative inotropic cardiac effect following stimulation of the cardio-aortic depressor nerve after double vagotomy]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1962; 38:505-7. [PMID: 13879900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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14
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[On the excitability of the atrio-ventricular node by mechanical stimulation]. YONAGO IGAKU ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE YONAGO MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1962; 13:92-104. [PMID: 14456188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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15
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The effect of total cardiac denervation on the cardiovascular responses to hypothermia and acute hemorrhage. Surgery 1962; 51:356-9. [PMID: 13901542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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16
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[Morphology of the cardiac ganglia in cats]. ARKHIV ANATOMII, GISTOLOGII I EMBRIOLOGII 1962; 42:55-60. [PMID: 14460430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[The electrical activity of the elements which constitute the specialized conduction system of mammalian heart]. ARCHIVOS DEL INSTITUTO DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 1962; 32:160-83. [PMID: 13860012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[The clearance of Cl-36 from Purkinje's cardiac fibers]. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1962; 70:114-6. [PMID: 13876679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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The innervation of the human heart. II. The papillary muscles. ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY 1962; 73:101-17. [PMID: 13907686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Action of the frequency of electrical stimult on the "vagus fugue"]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1962; 38:4-5. [PMID: 13926660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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Changes in the heart's conduction system in hypertensive states. ACTA MORPHOLOGICA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE 1962; 11:239-55. [PMID: 13926154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Studies on influence of localized cooling upon conduction of cardiac nerve. (The experiment, separating the cholinergic fibre and the adrenergic fibre)]. NIHON SEIRIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1962; 24:1-19. [PMID: 14496165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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[Studies on effect of sympathectomy on the heart using of electrocardiography. 2. Effect of autonomic drugs]. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1961; 25:1061-71. [PMID: 14471448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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26
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[Dynamics of morphological changes in the intramural neural apparatus in compensatory hyperfunction of the heart]. BIULLETEN' EKSPERIMENTAL'NOI BIOLOGII I MEDITSINY 1961; 52:115-8. [PMID: 14459794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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27
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[Histopathology of the nervous elements of the heart and aorta in dogs following administration of adrenalin and caffeine]. BIULLETEN' EKSPERIMENTAL'NOI BIOLOGII I MEDITSINY 1961; 52:112-7. [PMID: 13754466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Reactions of sensory nerve fibers and receptors in the heart of animals in the 1st month of life to oxygen deficiency]. ARKHIV ANATOMII, GISTOLOGII I EMBRIOLOGII 1961; 41:37-44. [PMID: 13754467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Excitability of the cardiac nerves in dog heart-lung preparations]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1961; 37:654-6. [PMID: 13707792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Pharmacological analysis at the level of the isolated fish-cat auricle, of efferent cardiac innervation]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES 1961; 253:196-8. [PMID: 13759517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Experimental surgery on the stimulus-conducting system of the heart]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 1961; 105:1011-3. [PMID: 13785048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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The innervation of the human heart. I. The coronary arteries and the myocardium. ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY 1961; 71:384-407. [PMID: 13714557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[The cytology of the intramural ganglia of the heart in experimental thyroxin poisoning]. ARCHIVIO "DE VECCHI" PER L'ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA E LA MEDICINA CLINICA 1961; 35:137-72. [PMID: 13884134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Observations on the mechanism of vagal inhibition in the snail]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES 1961; 252:1512-4. [PMID: 13791021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[On the receptor fields in the heart]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR MIKROSKOPISCH-ANATOMISCHE FORSCHUNG 1961; 67:434-40. [PMID: 13877811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Intracardiac nervous elements and innervation of the myocardium. Electron microscopic study of the rat heart]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1961; 55:282-96. [PMID: 14040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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[Action potential and mechanogram of Purkinje's fibers at low temperatures]. PFLUGERS ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE PHYSIOLOGIE DES MENSCHEN UND DER TIERE 1961; 272:393-9. [PMID: 13748053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Mechanisms in the origin of innervation factors regulating heart activity. (On an analysis of the genesis of the state of hypoplasia of the cardiovascular system)]. VESTNIK AKADEMII MEDITSINSKIKH NAUK SSSR 1961; 16(5):12-24. [PMID: 13684534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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40
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[Changes of the cardiac intramural nervous ganglia during collagen diseases]. Reumatismo 1961; 13:5-8. [PMID: 14497763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
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[On nerve endings in ventricular myocardium]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KREISLAUFFORSCHUNG 1960; 49:762-8. [PMID: 13756344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Influence of the cardio-aortic and carotid sinus receptors on the pressor response to hyperventilation, in the dog]. ARCHIVIO DI SCIENZE BIOLOGICHE 1960; 44:266-70. [PMID: 13707992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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43
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The response of sinus node function to ligation of the sinus node artery. HENRY FORD HOSPITAL MEDICAL BULLETIN 1960; 8:129-33. [PMID: 14406622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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44
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[On the participation of the reinforcing nerve of Pavlov in the inotropic activity of eryside on the heart]. FARMAKOLOGIIA I TOKSIKOLOGIIA 1960; 23:246-50. [PMID: 13702897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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45
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[Shifting of the pacemaker in the tortoise heart under the influence of vagal stimulation]. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1960; 68:387-9. [PMID: 13811341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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47
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[The autonomic nervous system of the heart in experimental infestation of the albino mouse with Schizotrypanum cruzi]. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE MEDICINA 1960; 50:95-102. [PMID: 13682287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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48
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[Pathways of the cardio-accelerator tonus]. COMPTES RENDUS DES SEANCES DE LA SOCIETE DE BIOLOGIE ET DE SES FILIALES 1960; 154:1005-7. [PMID: 13724714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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49
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[The discharge pattern and general excitation conditions of the auricular receptors in the dog and cat]. PFLUGERS ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE PHYSIOLOGIE DES MENSCHEN UND DER TIERE 1960; 271:257-69. [PMID: 14414023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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50
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[Indirect demonstration of the inotropic effect of the cardiac accelerator nerves by means of electrical stimulation of the heart]. COMPTES RENDUS DES SEANCES DE LA SOCIETE DE BIOLOGIE ET DE SES FILIALES 1960; 154:1275-1279. [PMID: 24545399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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