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Hamieh AM, Mallaret G, Meleine M, Lashermes A, Roumeau S, Boudieu L, Barbier J, Aissouni Y, Ardid D, Gewirtz AT, Carvalho FA, Marchand F. Toll-like receptor 5 knock-out mice exhibit a specific low level of anxiety. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:226-237. [PMID: 33516921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While toll-like receptors (TLRs), which mediate innate immunity, are known to play an important role in host defense, recent work suggest their involvement in some integrated behaviors, including anxiety, depressive and cognitive functions. Here, we investigated the potential involvement of the flagellin receptor, TLR5, in anxiety, depression and cognitive behaviors using male TLR5 knock-out (KO) mice. We aobserved a specific low level of basal anxiety in TLR5 KO mice with an alteration of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) response to acute restraint stress, illustrated by a decrease of both plasma corticosterone level and c-fos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus where TLR5 was expressed, compared to WT littermates. However, depression and cognitive-related behaviors were not different between TLR5 KO and WT mice. Nor there were significant changes in the expression of some cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and other TLRs (TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4) in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus of TLR5 KO mice compared to WT mice. Moreover, mRNA expression of BDNF and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus and amygdala, respectively, was not different. Finally, acute intracerebroventricular administration of flagellin, a specific TLR5 agonist, or chronic neomycin treatment did not exhibit a significant main effect, only a significant main effect of genotype was observed between TLR5 KO and WT mice. Together, those findings suggest a previously undescribed and specific role of TLR5 in anxiety and open original prospects in our understanding of the brain-gut axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hamieh
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Porsolt SAS, Glatigné, 53940 Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France
| | - G Mallaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Meleine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Lashermes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Roumeau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Boudieu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Barbier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Y Aissouni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Ardid
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - F A Carvalho
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Marchand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 NEURO-DOL, Pharmacologie fondamentale et clinique de la douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Yang S, Orta P, Renk EM, Inman JC. Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis in association with solitary median maxillary central incisor: unique radiologic features. Radiol Case Rep 2016; 11:178-81. [PMID: 27594945 PMCID: PMC4996930 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) coexists in 34%-65% of patients initially diagnosed with congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. SMMCI, a genetic syndrome, warrants consideration for further screening because of its high prevalence of other diagnostic possibilities—specifically central defects, like nasal obstruction and hypothalamo-pituitary axis abnormalities. We report on a presentation of SMMCI with congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis which highlights the unique radiologic features and notes the relationship between these two central associated findings in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health System, 11234 Anderson St, Suite 256A, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Pedro Orta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health System, 11234 Anderson St, Suite 256A, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Renk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health System, 11234 Anderson St, Suite 256A, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jared C Inman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health System, 11234 Anderson St, Suite 256A, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Aggarwal A, Jethani SL, Rohatgi RK, Kalra J. Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Induced Weight Changes: A Dose and Duration Dependent Study on Albino Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:AF01-3. [PMID: 27134853 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16482.7376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most significant and safe drugs among the antidepressants. Fluoxetine is the prototype drug of SSRIs. Various clinical studies showed that SSRI causes change in body weight in patients. This study was conducted to know the extent of weight change with different doses for different durations. AIM The aim of this study was to find out whether fluoxetine causes weight gain or weight loss, and to deduce the comparative weight change after intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine for different duration and doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Present study was conducted on 72 adult (36 males and 36 females) albino rats, in 3 phases of 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks duration. Each phase consisted of 24 (12 males and 12 females) albino rats. These 24 rats were further randomly subdivided into 4 Groups of 6 albino rats each (3 males & 3 females). Group 1(Control) received normal saline (vehicle). Rest 18 rats of each phase were experimental rats, of Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 (6 rats each). Group 2, group 3 and group 4 experimental rats received 10mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40mg/kg of intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine respectively. All rats were weighed on each day for growth monitoring. Data was subjected to statistical analysis (Mean, standard deviation and Student's t-Test). RESULTS All experimental group rats which received fluoxetine showed decrease of body weight. Rats which received high doses of fluoxetine could not tolerate the drug for more than two weeks and died due to excessive body weight loss, loose stools and muscle twitching. CONCLUSION Present study conclude that SSRIs can cause weight change in the form of decrease of body weight. This property of SSRIs can be used clinically by prescribing these drugs to obese psychiatric patient without any fear of withdrawal of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Aggarwal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, HIMS, SRHU , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
| | - S L Jethani
- Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, HIMS, SRHU , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
| | - R K Rohatgi
- Professor, Department of Anatomy, HIMS, SRHU , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
| | - Juhi Kalra
- Professor, Department of Pharmacology, HIMS, SRHU , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
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