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Dale O. Self, ego and suicide. J Anal Psychol 2022; 67:796-816. [PMID: 35856598 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Working with patients who end their lives through suicide is one of the greatest challenges and fears a clinician might face. This paper explores the experience of working with such patients in the course of psychiatric care and Jungian analysis. Jungian theory is used to explore a conceptual understanding of the dilemmas faced. Such theory points to an intractable conflict between Self and ego giving rise to unbearable distress, partly through difficulties arising in achieving individuation. The paper proposes that our difficulties in dealing with a patient's suicide might reflect a manifestation of relentless hope and, perhaps contentiously, these patients made a more considered decision in their final acts than prevailing clinical opinion suggests.
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Westlake JH, Clark G, Haggerty DK, Jaskulek SE, Kollmann P, Mauk BH, Mitchell DG, Nelson KS, Paranicas CP, Rymer AM. High-Energy (>10 MeV) Oxygen and Sulfur Ions Observed at Jupiter From Pulse Width Measurements of the JEDI Sensors. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:10959-10966. [PMID: 31894168 PMCID: PMC6919389 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl083842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Jovian polar regions produce X-rays that are characteristic of very energetic oxygen and sulfur that become highly charged on precipitating into Jupiter's upper atmosphere. Juno has traversed the polar regions above where these energetic ions are expected to be precipitating revealing a complex composition and energy structure. Energetic ions are likely to drive the characteristic X-rays observed at Jupiter (Haggerty et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072866; Houston et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024872; Kharchenko et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026039). Motivated by the science of X-ray generation, we describe here Juno Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) measurements of ions above 1 MeV and demonstrate the capability of measuring oxygen and sulfur ions with energies up to 100 MeV. We detail the process of retrieving ion fluxes from pulse width data on instruments like JEDI (called "puck's"; Clark, Cohen, et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074366; Clark, Mauk, et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022257; Mauk et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-0025-3) as well as details on retrieving very energetic particles (>20 MeV) above which the pulse width also saturates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Westlake
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - G. Clark
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - D. K. Haggerty
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - S. E. Jaskulek
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - P. Kollmann
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - B. H. Mauk
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - K. S. Nelson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - C. P. Paranicas
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - A. M. Rymer
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
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Abstract
The following article elaborates on the need for the Other in order to delineate the self and one's identity, and the eternal psychological process of turning the Other into an enemy. A parallel process, which can be observed nowadays, leads to a disregard for the otherness of the Other that results in the blurring of identity and an internal loss of the differentiation of intrapsychic structures. Both psychological processes share a dehumanizing approach which leads to neurosis and alienation. In order to withstand these tendencies, a revision of analytical psychology's view of the psyche and of the practice of Jungian analysis is warranted: an alternative to the 'Fear of the Feminine' described by Erich Neumann in 1959. It is suggested that consciousness and unconsciousness intertwine but from a position of equality and reciprocity. Such an attitude does not inspire fear. Rather, it recognizes the need of one for the Other and the inevitability of this situation. Moreover, this need and interdependence on equal grounds nourish the wish to know the Other, to be aware of the differences, and yet, at the same time, to acknowledge how close the Other really is. Analytical psychological therapy based on this model stresses the power of the ego while also strengthening its capacity for introspection.
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Suer TA, Padovan S, Whitten JL, Potter RW, Shkolyar S, Cable M, Walker C, Szalay J, Parker C, Cumbers J, Gentry D, Harrison T, Naidu S, Trammell HJ, Reimuller J, Budney CJ, Lowes LL. FIRE - Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounter: A conceptual design for a New Frontiers mission to Io. Adv Space Res 2017; 60:1080-1100. [PMID: 33162637 PMCID: PMC7646308 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual design is presented for a low complexity, heritage-based flyby mission to Io, Jupiter's innermost Galilean satellite and the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. The design addresses the 2011 Decadal Surveys recommendation for a New Frontiers class mission to Io and is based upon the result of the June 2012 NASA-JPL Planetary Science Summer School. A science payload is proposed to investigate the link between the structure of Io's interior, it's volcanic activity, it's surface composition, and it's tectonics. A study of Io's atmospheric processes and Io's role in the Jovian magnetosphere is also planned. The instrument suite includes a visible/near IR imager, a magnetic field and plasma suite, a dust analyzer and a gimbaled high gain antenna to perform radio science investigations. Payload activity and spacecraft operations would be powered by three Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generators (ASRG). The primary mission includes 10 flybys with close-encounter altitudes as low as 100 km. The mission risks are mitigated by ensuring that relevant components are radiation tolerant and by using redundancy and flight-proven parts in the design. The spacecraft would be launched on an Atlas V rocket with a delta-v of 1.3 km/s. Three gravity assists (Venus, Earth, Earth) would be used to reach the Jupiter system in a 6-year cruise. The resulting concept demonstrates the rich scientific return of a flyby mission to Io.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry-Ann Suer
- Institut de Mineralogie, de Physique des Materiaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC) Sorbonne Universites - UPMC, Univ Paris 06, France
| | - Sebastiano Padovan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of Planetary Physics, Rutherfordstraße 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Whitten
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 315, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States
| | - Ross W.K. Potter
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Svetlana Shkolyar
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Jocelyn St NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Morgan Cable
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United Statess
| | - Catherine Walker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United Statess
| | - Jamey Szalay
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Charles Parker
- John Hopkins Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, MD 20723, United States
| | - John Cumbers
- SynBioBeta LLC, Mountain View, CA 94040, United States
| | | | - Tanya Harrison
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, AR, United States
| | - Shantanu Naidu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United Statess
| | | | | | - Charles J. Budney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United Statess
| | - Leslie L. Lowes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United Statess
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Boysen SR, Pang JM, Mikler JR, Knight CG, Semple HA, Caulkett NA. Comparison of tranexamic acid plasma concentrat ions when administered via intraosseous and intravenous routes. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 35:227-233. [PMID: 27816438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of information regarding intraosseous (IO) administration of tranexamic acid (TXA). Our hypothesis was that a single bolus IO injection of TXA will have a similar pharmacokinetic profile to TXA administered at the same dose IV. METHODS Sixteen male Landrace cross swine (mean body weight 27.6±2.6kg) were divided into an IV group (n=8) and an IO group (n=8). Each animal received 30mg/kg TXA via an IV or IO catheter, respectively. Jugular blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis over a 3h period. The maximum TXA plasma concentration (Cmax) and corresponding time as well as distribution half-life, elimination half-life, area under the curve, plasma clearance and volume of distribution were calculated. One- and two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures (time, group) with Tukey's and Bonferonni post hoc tests were used to compare TXA plasma concentrations within and between groups, respectively. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of TXA were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in the IV group during the TXA infusion. Cmax occurred at 4min after initiation of the bolus in the IV group (9.36±3.20ng/μl) and at 5min after initiation of the bolus in the IO group (4.46±0.49ng/μl). Plasma concentrations were very similar from the completion of injection onwards. There were no significant differences between the two administration routes for any other pharmacokinetic variables measured. CONCLUSION The results of this study support pharmacokinetic bioequivalence of IO and IV administration of TXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren R Boysen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Jessica M Pang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - John R Mikler
- Defence Research and Development Canada - Suffield Research Centre, Box 4000, Station Main, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1A 8K6, Canada
| | - Cameron G Knight
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Hugh A Semple
- Defence Research and Development Canada - Suffield Research Centre, Box 4000, Station Main, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1A 8K6, Canada
| | - Nigel A Caulkett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Balakrishnan B, Indap MM, Singh SP, Krishna CM, Chiplunkar SV. Turbo methanol extract inhibits bone resorpt ion through regulation of T cell function. Bone 2014; 58:114-25. [PMID: 24140785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have bioactive potential which has tremendous pharmaceutical promise. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of the interplay between bone and the immune system of which T lymphocytes and their product act as key regulators of bone resorption. In the present investigation we have analyzed the anti-osteoporotic effect of turbo methanol extract (TME) in the reversal of bone resoprtion. Forty-two female Swiss albino mice were used and randomly assigned into sham-operated group (sham) and six ovariectomized (OVX) subgroups, i.e. OVX with vehicle (OVX) that received daily oral administration of water ad libitum; OVX with estradiol (2mg/kg/day); and OVX with different doses of TME i.e. TME 100mg/kg, TME 50mg/kg, TME 25mg/kg and TME 12.5mg/kg. Oral administration of TME or estradiol started on the second week after ovariectomy for a period of 4weeks. We observed that the administration of TME increased the trabeculation in tibia and reduced the atrophy in the uterus. TME significantly decreased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in OVX mice. Micro CT analysis revealed that the TME administration preserved the bone volume, connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation in OVX mice. Bone mineralization was measured in different groups of mice by Raman spectroscopy. Reversal of bone resorption was observed in TME treated group of mice. To further investigate the mechanism of action of TME, we analyzed the T lymphocyte proliferation and profiles of cytokine TNFα and sRANKL in TME treated ovariectomized mice. Decrease in the elevation of T cell subsets was observed after the supplementation with TME. The extract significantly lowered the T cell proliferation responses to mitogens, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (Io) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). A marked reduction in TNFα and sRANKL secretion in serum and TNFα in cell free supernatants of activated T lymphocytes was observed upon TME administration. TME could significantly inhibit the in vitro osteoclastogenesis and the bone resorption observed using artificial calcium coated slides. Collectively, these results indicate that TME has the potential to inhibit bone resorption and may prove to be a potential candidate for the development of an anti-osteoporosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, The D. G. Ruparel College, Mahim, Mumbai 40016, India
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