Hallmarks of Aging in the Liver.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019;
17:1151-1161. [PMID:
31462971 PMCID:
PMC6709368 DOI:
10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.021]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the liver demonstrates remarkable resilience during aging, there is growing evidence that it undergoes all the cellular hallmarks of aging, which increases the risk of liver and systemic disease. The aging process in the liver is driven by alterations of the genome and epigenome that contribute to dysregulation of mitochondrial function and nutrient sensing pathways, leading to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. These changes promote multiple phenotypic changes in all liver cells (hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial, hepatic stellate and Küpffer cells) and impairment of hepatic function. In particular, age-related changes in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a significant but under-recognized risk factor for the development of age-related cardiometabolic disease.
Liver aging is driven by transcription and metabolic epigenome alterations.
This leads to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation.
Hepatocyte, sinusoidal endothelial, stellate and Küpffer cells undergoes the hallmarks of aging.
Each cell type demonstrates phenotypical cellular changes with age.
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