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Bortolotte AR, Daniel D, Reyes FGR. Occurrence of antimicrobial residues in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets produced in Brazil and available at the retail market. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109865. [PMID: 33648183 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in samples of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets collected at the State of São Paulo retail market and produced from fish farmed in Brazil. For this purpose, a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated and used to quantify residues of 25 antibacterial drugs (2 β-lactams, 8 quinolones, 2 macrolides, 5 sulfonamides, 4 tetracyclines, 3 amphenicols and 1 sulfonamide potentiator). For the sample preparation step the QuEChERS approach was performed. Chromatographic separation was conducted using a Zorbax SB C18 column. Method validation was performed based on European and Brazilian guidelines. The validation parameters (linearity, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, decision limit, detection capability and robustness) attended the adopted validation guidelines. Limits of detection and quantitation were also determined. Antimicrobial drug residues were quantitated in the incurred samples by using matrix-matched analytical curves. Oxytetracycline, florfenicol and, for the first time, enrofloxacin residues are reported in tilapia fillet samples from Brazil, though, in accordance with the European and Brazilian regulatory framework. Thus, our results draw attention to the use of veterinary products in fish farming in Brazil. Monitoring of veterinary drug residues is essential to ensure the safety of fish products available to the consumer, as well as to keep fish as a food commodity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Renata Bortolotte
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Daniel
- Agilent Technologies Brasil, Alameda Araguaia 1142, Alphaville, CEP 06455-000 Barueri, SP, Brazil
| | - Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Yang JJ, Han Y, Mah CH, Wanjaya E, Peng B, Xu TF, Liu M, Huan T, Fang ML. Streamlined MRM method transfer between instruments assisted with HRMS matching and retention-time prediction. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1100:88-96. [PMID: 31987156 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (e.g., LC-QqQ-MS/MS) has been extensively employed in the small molecule analysis with trace levels in complex samples owing to its high sensitivity. However, most of the reported MRM methods are developed using authentic standards, which are often costly yet not readily available. To address this question, a practical platform for the MRM method transfer between different LC-QqQ-MS/MS instruments, assisted by the high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and retention time (RT) prediction, has been developed in this study. The reported platform can take advantage of both the high sensitivity of LC-MRM method and ion transition pairs from the previous publications. LC-HRMS can provide the accurate mass measurement of the compounds, though high-quality MS/MS fragments are usually difficult to obtain for chemicals at trace levels. Retention time matching and peaks matching between both instrumental platforms rule out isobaric candidates. With an additional retention time prediction filter from quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) model based on random forest feature selection (Pearson r2 = 0.63), identification of small molecules is achieved at a high confidence level without using authentic standards. The developed platform has been validated with robustness by examining spiked environmental chemicals in sludge water samples, biological urine, and cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Y Han
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - C H Mah
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | - E Wanjaya
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - B Peng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - T F Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - M Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - T Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M L Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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