Taghavi S, Jackson-Weaver O, Abdullah S, Goldberg A, Lawicki S, Killackey M, Duchesne J, Pociask D, Steele C, Kolls J. A Comparison of Growth Factors and Cytokines in Fresh Frozen Plasma and Never Frozen Plasma.
J Surg Res 2021;
264:51-57. [PMID:
33773321 DOI:
10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.002]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) contains proinflammatory mediators released from cellular debris during frozen storage. In addition, recent studies have shown that transfusion of never-frozen plasma (NFP), instead of FFP, may be superior in trauma patients. We hypothesized that FFP would have higher levels of inflammatory mediators when compared to NFP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
FFP (n = 8) and NFP (n = 8) samples were obtained from an urban, level 1 trauma center blood bank. The cytokines in these samples were compared using a Milliplex (Milliplex Sigma) human cytokine magnetic bead panel multiplex assay for 41 different biomarkers.
RESULTS
Growth factors that were higher in NFP included platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA; 8.09 versus 108.00 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and PDGF-AB (0.00 versus 215.20, P= 0.004). Soluble CD40-ligand (sCD40L), a platelet activator and pro-coagulant, was higher in NFP (31.81 versus 80.45 pg/mL, P< 0.001). RANTES, a leukocyte chemotactic cytokine was higher in NFP (26.19 versus 1418.00 pg/mL, P< 0.001). Interleukin-4 (5.70 versus 0.00 pg/mL, P= 0.03) and IL-8 (2.20 versus 0.52 pg/ml, P= 0.03) levels were higher in were higher in FFP.
CONCLUSIONS
Frozen storage of plasma may result in decrease of several growth factors and/or pro-coagulants found in NFP. In addition, the freezing and thawing process may induce release of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Further studies are needed to determine if these cytokines result in improved outcomes with NFP over FFP in transfusion of trauma patients.
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