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Jin W, Zhang G, Wu H, Yang L, Zhang W, Chang H. Room-Temperature and Tunable Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Fe 3GaTe 2-Based 2D van der Waals Heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37466234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) based on van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with sharp and clean interfaces on the atomic scale are essential for the application of next-generation spintronics. However, the lack of room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetic crystals with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has greatly hindered the development of vertical MTJs. The discovery of room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetic two-dimensional (2D) crystal Fe3GaTe2 has solved the problem and greatly facilitated the realization of practical spintronic devices. Here, we demonstrate a room-temperature MTJ based on a Fe3GaTe2/WS2/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructure for the first time. The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio is up to 213% with a high spin polarization of 72% at 10 K, the highest ever reported in Fe3GaTe2-based MTJs up to now. A tunneling spin-valve signal robustly persists at room temperature (300 K) with a bias current down to 10 nA. Moreover, the spin polarization can be modulated by bias current and the TMR shows a sign reversal at a large bias current. Our work sheds light on the potential application of low-energy consumption in all-2D vdW spintronics and offers alternative routes for the electronic control of spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jin
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Gaojie Zhang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Shenzhen 518000, China
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Shenzhen 518000, China
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haixin Chang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Shenzhen 518000, China
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Ono Y, Schlesinger S, Fukunaga K, Yambe S, Sato T, Sasaki T, Shukunami C, Asahara H, Inui M. Scleraxis-lineage cells are required for correct muscle patterning. Development 2023; 150:310741. [PMID: 37246520 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Movement of the vertebrate body is supported by the connection of muscle, tendon and bone. Each skeletal muscle in the vertebrate body has a unique shape and attachment site; however, the mechanism that ensures reproducible muscle patterning is incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted targeted cell ablation using scleraxis (Scx)-Cre to examine the role of Scx-lineage cells in muscle morphogenesis and attachment in mouse embryos. We found that muscle bundle shapes and attachment sites were significantly altered in embryos with Scx-lineage cell ablation. Muscles in the forelimb showed impaired bundle separation and limb girdle muscles distally dislocated from their insertion sites. Scx-lineage cells were required for post-fusion myofiber morphology, but not for the initial segregation of myoblasts in the limb bud. Furthermore, muscles could change their attachment site, even after formation of the insertion. Lineage tracing suggested that the muscle patterning defect was primarily attributed to the reduction of tendon/ligament cells. Our study demonstrates an essential role of Scx-lineage cells in the reproducibility of skeletal muscle attachment, in turn revealing a previously unappreciated tissue-tissue interaction in musculoskeletal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Saundra Schlesinger
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kanako Fukunaga
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shinsei Yambe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Lipp SN, Jacobson KR, Colling HA, Tuttle TG, Miles DT, McCreery KP, Calve S. Mechanical loading is required for initiation of extracellular matrix deposition at the developing murine myotendinous junction. Matrix Biol 2023; 116:28-48. [PMID: 36709857 PMCID: PMC10218368 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) contributes to the generation of motion by connecting muscle to tendon. At the adult MTJ, a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) is thought to contribute to the mechanical integrity of the muscle-tendon interface, but the factors that influence MTJ formation during mammalian development are unclear. Here, we combined 3D imaging and proteomics with murine models in which muscle contractility and patterning are disrupted to resolve morphological and compositional changes in the ECM during MTJ development. We found that MTJ-specific ECM deposition can be initiated via static loading due to growth; however, it required cyclic loading to develop a mature morphology. Furthermore, the MTJ can mature without the tendon terminating into cartilage. Based on these results, we describe a model wherein MTJ development depends on mechanical loading but not insertion into an enthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Lipp
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; The Indiana University Medical Scientist/Engineer Training Program, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Kathryn R Jacobson
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Haley A Colling
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder CO, 80309, United States
| | - Tyler G Tuttle
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Dalton T Miles
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, CO 80309, United States
| | - Kaitlin P McCreery
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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Wang J, Chen A, Li P, Zhang S. Magnetoelectric Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Multiferroic Heterostructure. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164623. [PMID: 34443144 PMCID: PMC8401036 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Electric-field control of magnetism is significant for the next generation of large-capacity and low-power data storage technology. In this regard, the renaissance of a multiferroic compound provides an elegant platform owing to the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders. However, the scarcity of single-phase multiferroics at room temperature spurs zealous research in pursuit of composite systems combining a ferromagnet with FE or piezoelectric materials. So far, electric-field control of magnetism has been achieved in the exchange-mediated, charge-mediated, and strain-mediated ferromagnetic (FM)/FE multiferroic heterostructures. Concerning the giant, nonvolatile, and reversible electric-field control of magnetism at room temperature, we first review the theoretical and representative experiments on the electric-field control of magnetism via strain coupling in the FM/FE multiferroic heterostructures, especially the CoFeB/PMN–PT [where PMN–PT denotes the (PbMn1/3Nb2/3O3)1−x-(PbTiO3)x] heterostructure. Then, the application in the prototype spintronic devices, i.e., spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions, is introduced. The nonvolatile and reversible electric-field control of tunneling magnetoresistance without assistant magnetic field in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)/FE architecture shows great promise for the future of data storage technology. We close by providing the main challenges of this and the different perspectives for straintronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
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Conca Parra A, Casper F, Paul J, Lehndorff R, Haupt C, Jakob G, Kläui M, Hillebrands B. Microstructure Design for Fast Lifetime Measurements of Magnetic Tunneling Junctions. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E583. [PMID: 30704095 DOI: 10.3390/s19030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of the reliability of magnetic field sensors against failure is a critical point concerning their application for industrial purposes. Due to the physical stochastic nature of the failure events, this can only be done by means of a statistical approach which is extremely time consuming and prevents a continuous observation of the production. Here, we present a novel microstructure design for a parallel measurement of the lifetime characteristics of a sensor population. By making use of two alternative designs and the Weibull statistical distribution function, we are able to measure the lifetime characteristics of a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB tunneling junction population. The main parameters governing the time evolution of the failure rate are estimated and discussed and the suitability of the microstructure for highly reliable sensor application is proven.
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6
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Abstract
Perpendicular Magnetic Tunneling Junctions (pMTJs) with Ta\CoFeB\MgO have been extensively studied in recent years. However, the effects of the underlayer on the formation of the CoFeB perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are still not well understood. Here we report the results of our systematic use of a wide range of elements (Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt and Au) encompassed by columns IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA and VIIIA of the periodic table as the underlayer in a underlayer\Co20Fe60B20\MgO stack. Our goals were to survey more elements which could conceivably create a PMA in CoFeB and thereby to explore the mechanisms enabling these underlayers to enhance or create the PMA. We found underlayer elements having both an outer shell of 4d electrons (Zr, Nb Mo, and Pd) and 5d electrons (Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, and Pt) resulted in the development of a PMA in the MgO-capped Co20Fe60B20. Hybridization between the 3d electrons of the Fe or Co (in the Co20Fe60B20) at the interface with the 4d or 5d electrons of the underlayer is thought to be the cause of the PMA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Chen
- National Institute of Standards of Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Y L Iunin
- National Institute of Standards of Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA; Institute of Solid State Physics, RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow distr., 142432 Russia
| | - S F Cheng
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - R D Shull
- National Institute of Standards of Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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7
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Knudsen AB, Larsen M, Mackey AL, Hjort M, Hansen KK, Qvortrup K, Kjaer M, Krogsgaard MR. The human myotendinous junction: an ultrastructural and 3D analysis study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e116-23. [PMID: 24716465 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a specialized structure in the musculotendinous system, where force is transmitted from muscle to tendon. Animal models have shown that the MTJ takes form of tendon finger-like processes merging with muscle tissue. The human MTJ is largely unknown and has never been described in three dimensions (3D). The aim of this study was to describe the ultrastructure of the human MTJ and render 3D reconstructions. Fourteen subjects (age 25 ± 3 years) with isolated injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), scheduled for reconstruction with a semitendinosus/gracilis graft were included. Semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were stripped as grafts for the ACL reconstruction. The MTJ was isolated from the grafts and prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. It was possible to isolate recognizable MTJ tissue from all 14 patients. TEM images displayed similarities to observations in animals: Sarcolemmal evaginations observed as finger-like processes from the tendon and endomysium surrounding the muscle fibers, with myofilaments extending from the final Z-line of the muscle fiber merging with the tendon tissue. The 3D reconstruction revealed that tendon made ridge-like protrusions, which interdigitiated with groove-like indentations in the muscle cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Knudsen
- Department of Sports Traumatology M51, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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