EUS-guided biliary drainage with LAMS for distal malignant biliary obstruction when ERCP fails: single-center retrospective study and maldeployment management

BACKGROUND

EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) with Lumen Apposing Metal Stent (LAMS) is a mini-invasive approach for jaundice palliation in distal malignant biliary obstruction (D-MBO) not amenable to ERCP, with good efficacy and not exiguous adverse events.

AIMS AND METHODS

From January 2015 to December 2019, we retrospectively enrolled all the EUS-BD with electrocautery-enhanced LAMS for biliary decompression in unresectable D-MBO and failed ERCP. Primary study aims were to evaluate technical/clinical success and AEs rate. In case of maldeployment, we estimated the efficacy of an intra-operative rescue therapy. Secondary aims were to assess the jaundice recurrence and gastric outlet obstruction symptoms.

RESULTS

Thirty-six EUS-BD were enrolled over a cohort of 738 patients (ERCP cannulation failure rate was 2.6%): 31 choledocho-duodenostomy and 5 cholecystogastrostomy. A pre-loaded guidewire through the LAMS was systematically used in case of common bile duct ≤ 15 mm or scope instability for a safe/preventive biliary entryway in case of intra-procedural complications. Technical success was 80.6% (29/36 patients). Seven cases of LAMS maldeployment during EUS-guided choledocho-duodenostomy were successfully treated with RT by an over-the-wire fully-covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent (FC-SEMS). The FC-SEMS was released through the novel fistula tract in endoscopic fashion in 5/7 cases and transpapillary in percutaneous-transhepatic-endoscopic rendezvous (1/7) and laparoscopic-endoscopic rendezvous (1/7) in the two remaining cases. The total efficacy of rescue therapy was 100%. Same-session duodenal SEMS was placed in 17 patients with optimal gastric outlet obstruction management. Final clinical success was 100% and no other late adverse events or FC-SEMS migration were observed.

CONCLUSION

EUS-BD with LAMS is effective for jaundice palliation after ERCP failure but with considerable adverse events. Maldeployment remains a serious complication with fatal evolution if not correctly recognized/managed. Rescue therapy must be promptly applied especially in tertiary-care centers with highly skilled endoscopists, interventional radiologist and dedicated surgeon.

Endovascular management of contralateral gate maldeployment during EVAR: Case report of interventional technique

INTRODUCTION

Endovascular repair of infra renal aortic aneurysm is becoming the preferable method of intervention compared to open surgery due to the lower early morbidity rates. One of the complications during the procedure is contra-lateral gate (CLG) maldeployment. Learning the endovascular salvage options is necessary to avoid the morbidities of open surgical conversion.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

we present a case of maldeployment during an endovascular exclusion of aortic aneurysm in a high cardiac risk patient for whom an endovascular management was successful.

DISCUSSION

We discuss the detailed technical aspect in managing CLG maldeployment in our case as well as variable options from literature.

CONCLUSION

Despite the available possibility to convert to open, there are multiple endovascular bail out alternatives to manage maldeployment that can be successfully performed by experienced interventionalist.

A covered stent used in aortic coarctation migrates proximally during deployment causing transverse arch obstruction: Transcatheter repositioning after one month

Stent angioplasty with covered stents to avoid risk of aortic injury is the preferred mode of management of coarctation of aorta in adults and older children. Severe isthmic coarctation in an adult male with uncontrolled systemic hypertension was managed at another institution using a covered stent. A proximal stent migration during deployment resulted in obstruction of transverse aortic arch and left subclavian artery and was recognized one month after the procedure. This resulted in significant aortic gradients and left arm hypoperfusion. It was managed successfully by use of snares and additional overlapping stents, the first of this type in literature. Awareness of factors leading to stent migration and techniques involved in repositioning these stents may help cardiologists who deal with these interventions. <Learning objective: Distal stent migration is a known complication of coarctation stenting, often managed by expanding the stent in descending thoracic aorta where there are no major branches. However, proximal migration of covered stent leads to aortic arch obstruction including occlusion of arch branches. Techniques of delayed percutaneous repositioning of covered stent are described in this report.>.

Avoidance, Recognition, and Management of Complications Associated with Lumen-Apposing Metal Stents

The lumen-apposing metal stent has evolved endoscopic transluminal therapies, although it has potential complications, including maldeployment, bleeding, perforation, migration, and several risks specific to necrotizing pancreatitis. Careful planning and technique mitigate these inherent risks of lumen-apposing metal sent deployment; however, setbacks occur even in the most experienced of hands. Therefore, early recognition and management of these complications are critical to alleviating morbidity and avoiding mortality. Management frequently requires multidisciplinary effort, including advanced endoscopic technique and consultation of interventional radiologic and surgical colleagues.