Relationship between maxillary sinus mucosal cyst and sinus ostium 2D area in three-dimensional volumetric paranasal CT ımages

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus ostium 2D area (SOA) and the development of mucosal cysts of the maxillary sinus (MMC).

METHODS

Thirty patients (≥ 18 years) with unilateral MMC who underwent paranasal sinus CT (PNsCT) were included in this single-center retrospective study. Non-MMC sinus was used as the control group. Cyst and air volume of the maxillary sinuses, diameter, and 2-dimensional area of the ostium of the patients were calculated in the 3-dimensional volumetric analysis program. Both correlation and linear regression model analyses were performed for the relationship between MMC and SOA.

RESULTS

Thirty patients were included (mean age of 42.30 ± 17.62 years). A total of 15/30 (50%) were male. The mean SOA in patients with MMC (8.91 ± 1.10 mm2) was lower than in patients without MMC (12.94 ± 1.35 mm2), which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean sinus ostium diameter in patients with MMC (2.12 ± 0.71 mm) was higher than in patients without MMC (1.91 ± 0.82 mm), which was statistically insignificant (p = 0.295). There was a statistically significant, good level of negative linear correlation between SOA and total cyst volume (TCV) [correlation coefficient (r) = - 0.680, p < 0.001]). As a result, the regression model consisting of "Age, Sinus air volume, and TCV" variables is a good model and has statistically significant relations with SOA.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, small SOAs contribute to the development of MMC. There was a negative correlation between SOA and TCV. In addition, 2D area measurement may be a more accurate method instead of diameter measurement.

The Variations in Deviation of Nasal Septum and their Impact on Maxillary Sinus Volume and Occurrence of Sinusitis

To study the effect of variations in deviation of the nasal septum and their impact on maxillary sinus volume and occurrence of sinusitis. This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of ENT, Head &Neck surgery GMC Jammu from August 2021 to November 2022. 130 patients (90 males, 40 females), with age range of 18-47 years with DNS were included in the study. Grade of DNS was classified according to Mladina's classification and volume of maxillary sinus was calculated using geometric formula by performing 256 slice CT Scan. In our study mean age of the males was 32.8 ± 6.99 years and females was 33.7 ± 7.26 years with Male: Female ratio of 9:4.Patients with grade 1 DNS had mean maxillary sinus volume of 9.9 ± 1.97 cu mm while patients with grade 7 DNS had mean maxillary sinus volume of 3.8 ± 1.47 cu mm. Thus, with the increasing grade of DNS, the OMC blockage increased towards the side of DNS and so the occurrence of maxillary sinusitis. The study showed that with high grade DNS, the maxillary sinus volume decreases on the side of septum deviation and there is association of blocked OMC with increasing grade of DNS. The incidence of maxillary sinusitis findings on the side of septum deviation was significantly increased.

Maxillary sinus volume and facial asymmetry after unilateral zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture reduction with 2, 3, and 4 fixation points: CBCT-based investigation

PURPOSE

This study aimed to assess the maxillary sinus volume (MSV), Chronic Sinusitis incidence, and asymmetry of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) following ZMC fracture surgery with various numbers of fixation points.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In a prospective non-randomized cohort, 50 adults with unilateral ZMC fractures who treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) between November 2019 and October 2021 were assigned to accomplish this study. They distributed into three groups as per fixation points (2, 3, or 4 Points). Preoperative (T1), Immediate postoperative (T2), and follow-up (T3) cone beam computed topography were analyzed using the Mimics software. The main measures were MSV and asymmetry indexes (ASI) of six paired bilateral anatomical landmarks (Orbital, Suprajugal, Jugale, Zygon, Maxillozygion 1, and Maxillozygion 2).

RESULTS

MSV decreased significantly on the affected sides postoperatively in 2P and 3P groups, both in T2 and T3. Further, the T2-T3 comparisons showed a significant MSV change (p = 0.001). ASI reduced considerably to clinically tolerated levels (<3 mm) on landmarks near the fixation sites postoperatively. The ASI on the Zygon and Maxillozygion 1 landmarks showed significant changes among the three groups in both T2 and T3. Interestingly, only five cases had reported postoperative sinusitis symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the MSV was changed among the different fixation point groups, the incidence of chronic sinusitis was uncommon. Bilateral asymmetry affected by number and position of the fixation points, fixation with 4 points provide more symmetry.

Is the volume of the maxillary sinus altered after LeFort I orthognathic surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis

PURPOSE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate anatomical changes in the maxillary sinus after LeFort I osteotomy.

METHODS

The study protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols, and it was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under registration number CRD42021236412.

RESULTS

Our search strategy yielded 64 articles. Of these, 31 were duplicate studies, and 33 were independently reviewed by two authors for eligibility. Of these 33 studies, 24 were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, nine studies met the criteria for inclusion, and they were critically reviewed.

CONCLUSION

This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that maxillary sinus volume decreases after one-piece and multisegment osteotomies in both skeletal class II and class III male and female patients, with one-piece LeFort I osteotomy technique showing a greater reduction in the sinus volume than the multisegment osteotomy technique. The maxillary sinus thickness remained constant postoperatively.

Maxillary Sinus Volume and Its Effect on Treated Impacted Canines

The goal of study was to explore the role of 3D CBCT (cone beam computer tomography) in detecting impacted canines and their movement to evaluate the influence of orthodontic therapy parameters on treatment options, and to monitor quality of healing process based on shape and size of sinus maxillae volume. It is known that the volume of maxillary sinus plays an important role in patients with impacted teeth. The prospective study consisted of 26 individuals. For each individual, pre-treatment and post-treatment CBCT data were acquired. Changes of size, and position of impacted canine in 3D CBCT image before and after therapy were prepared using 3D reconstruction. Volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinuses were performed before and after orthodontic therapy of impacted canines, using InVivo6 software. The main effects MANOVA performed on linear measurements showed metric differences between pre-op and post-op images. A paired t-test showed no statistically significant differences between pre-op and post-op values of the sinus volume. Changes of size and position of impacted canine in 3D image before and after therapy were precise and reproducible, using 3D reconstruction in three planes - horizontal, midsagittal, and coronal. The linear measurements showed metric differences between pre-op and post-op images.

Evaluation of maxillary sinus dimensions and volume using cone beam computed tomography in patients with unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate and compare the maxillary sinus (MS) dimensions and volume in unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines.

METHODS

CBCT images for 133 patients were included in the study. Maxillary canines were unilaterally displaced palatally in 83 patients (PDCs) and buccally in 50 patients(BDCs). The following variables were measured: canine position in relation to MS walls, MS pneumatization and MS dimensions and volume.

RESULTS

MS was extended to the incisor region in 10% and 13% and to the canine region in 48% and 23% in BDCs and PDCs subjects, respectively. In BDC subjects, maxillary canine crown tip was more laterally (24.23 mm compared to 22.93 mm (p < 0.05)) and closer vertically (5.82 mm compared to 9.58 mm (p < 0.001)) to the MS, maxillary canine root tip was closer to the MS anterior (0 mm compared to 1.64 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (19.70 mm compared to 22.02 mm (p < 0.001)) walls and the MS volume (11.57mm³ compared to 9.09 mm³ (p < 0.001)) was increased in the displaced side compared to the non-displaced side. In PDC subjects, a significant difference between the displaced and non-displaced sides was detected in the vertical (3.28 mm compared to 5.89 mm (p < 0.001)) and lateral (21.63 mm compared to 24.25 mm (p < 0.001)) position of maxillary canine to the MS wall, the anterior (- 0.84 mm compared to 1.13 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (20.48 mm compared to 22.44 mm (p < 0.001)) position of canine root tip to the MS and the MS volume (7.71mm³ compared to 9.14mm³ (p < 0.001)). PDC sides differed from BDC sides in the lateral and vertical position of canine crown tip to MS and in MS volume. PDC showed negative association with MS volume and anteroposterior skeletal relationship and a positive association with MS height.

CONCLUSIONS

PDCs subjects have a reduced MS volume and BDCs subjects have an increased MS volume. PDCs are associated with reduced MS volume, increased MS height and Class III skeletal relationship.

Three dimensional evaluation of the effect of rapid maxillary expansion on maxillary sinus volume

AIM

To compare the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) of posterior cross bite (PCB) patients before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODS

A total of 24 patients' CBCT scans that underwent RME therapy for their orthodontic treatment were used. CBCTs were obtained before (T1), immediately after (T2), and 6 months after (T3) RME. MSVs were calculated by using the 3D module of Dolphin 11.0 software. Repeated measures ANOVA (RMANOVA) was used to identify the MSV differences.

RESULTS

The results showed no significant differences between the right and left MSVs of the T1 group (p>.05). No significant differences were found between the right and left side MSV of the T2 group (p>.05). There were no significant differences between the right and left side MSV of the T3 group (p>.05). According to the intergroup comparisons, the RMANOVA test results revealed statistically significant right (F = 459.37, p<.001), left (F = 409.34, p<.001), and mean (F = 489.33, p<.001) MSV differences between groups. Multiple comparisons of the right, left, and mean MSV between the T1 and T2, T2 and T3, and T1 and T3 groups with Bonferroni's test revealed no significant differences between the T1 and T2 (p>.05) and T2 and T3 (p>.05) groups. However, significant differences were found in the right (p<.05), left (p<.05), and mean (p<.05) MSV between the T1 and T3 groups. The right, left, and mean MSV of the T3 group were significantly higher than those of the T1 group.

CONCLUSION

No significant change was detected in the MSV immediately after RME. However, MSV was significantly increased at the end of the retention period.

Morphometric and volumetric evaluation of maxillary sinus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using cone-beam CT

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of present study is to assess the maxillary sinuses patients with COPD morphometrically and volumetrically using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and compared these findings according to in age and gender of control groups.

METHODS

CBCT images of 80 individuals that exist from 40 patients with COPD and 40 healthy individuals (6 females, 34 males) in the tomography archive were retrospectively analyzed. The volume and surface area of maxillary sinuses in COPD and control group were measured by semi-automatic segmentation method and obtained findings were statistically examinated according to age, gender.

RESULTS

The study was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the right maxillary sinus area and the groups, but left maxillary sinus and total sinus area of COPD group were observed to be significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Maxillary sinus volume was found to be statistically significantly lower in patients with COPD than in healthy controls (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

CBCT is a practical and effective imaging method for the evaluation of maxillary sinuses. It is thought that inflammatory diseases that cause sinonasal changes such as COPD may affect maxillary sinus sizes.

The effect of anatomical variations of the sinonasal region on maxillary sinus volume and dimensions: a three-dimensional study

INTRODUCTION

Anatomical variations in the sinonasal region are remarkably common and these variations may have an impact on maxillary sinus development due to their close anatomical adjacency.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anatomical variations of the sinonasal region on the width, height, length, and volume of the maxillary sinus.

METHODS

Cone beam computed tomography records of 120 patients were evaluated. Nasal septum deviation angle was measured for each patient and patients were divided into three groups as mild, moderate, and severe. Sinonasal variations such as nasal septum deviation direction, septal spur, concha bullosa, uncinate process pneumatization, middle concha hypertrophy, inferior concha hypertrophy, paradoxical middle concha and presence of septa in the maxillary sinus were registered. Cone beam computed tomography images were transferred to the SimPlant software thus right and left maxillary sinus volumes and dimensions were measured separately.

RESULTS

There was a negative and statistically significant relationship between age and left maxillary sinus width (p = 0.015). The relationships between gender and maxillary sinus volumes and dimensions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although there were significant relationships between the nasal septum deviation severity, middle concha hypertrophy, inferior concha hypertrophy, paradoxical middle concha, and presence of septa and maxillary sinus dimensions; there was no significant relationship between septal spur, nasal septum deviation direction, concha bullosa, uncinate process pneumatization, and maxillary sinus dimensions. No statistically significant relationship could be determined between maxillary sinus volume and anatomical variations of the sinonasal region.

CONCLUSION

According to our findings, while certain the variations were found to affect the sinus dimensions; none of the variations was found to be related to the maxillary sinus volume.

The effect of anatomic variations and maxillary sinus volume in antrochoanal polyp formation

PURPOSE

The antrochoanal polyp (ACP), otherwise known as the Killain polyp, is a benign lesion that originates from maxillary sinus mucosa, extending from the accessory ostium towards the middle meatus, and later tends to protrude posteriorly towards the choana and nasopharynx. Many studies have emphasized that its etiopathogenesis is unclear. Research suggests that chronic sinusitis and allergic rhinitis are factors that play an important role in the formation of ACP, as well as anatomical variations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of anatomical variations and maxillary sinus volume in patients diagnosed with anthrochoanal polyp.

METHODS

Paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) images of patients with unilateral ACP patients were examined. The non-ACP sides of the patients comprised the control group. Nasal septal deviation, agger nasi cells, concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, hyperpneumotized ethmoid bulla, uncinate pathology (medialized or pneumatized uncinate), haller cell, accessory ostium, maxillary sinus retention cyst and maxillary sinus volumes were evaluated.

RESULTS

The study included a total of 54 patients (33 females, 21 males). Mean patient age was 22.92 ± 13.95 (range 6-56) years. Mean maxillary sinus volume was 17.88 ± 5.16 mm³ for the ACP sides and 16.37 ± 4.55 mm³ for the non-ACP sides. Maxillary sinus volume was significantly larger in the ACP side (p = 0.000). Concha bullosa was observed on the ACP side in 23 patients (42.6%) and in the non-ACP side in 21 patients (38.9%). Agger nasi cells were observed in the ACP side in 47 patients (87.0%) and in the non-ACP side in 42 patients (77.7%). Hyperpneumatized ethmoid bulla was observed in the ACP side in 14 patients (25.9%) and in the non-ACP side in 12 patients (22.2%). Haller cells were observed in the ACP side in seven patients (12.96%) and in the non-ACP side in ten patients (18.51%).

CONCLUSION

Disrupted airflow of the well-developed maxillary sinus cavity due to anatomical variations seems to be an effective factor in the formation of ACP.

Is the maxillary sinus volume affected by concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation, and impacted teeth? A CBCT study

PURPOSE

Various mechanisms play an important role in the growth of maxillary sinus cavities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations of maxillary sinus volume (MSV) with nasal septal deviation (NSD), concha bullosa (CB) and impacted teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

METHODS

From 55 patients, a total of 110 maxillary sinus images were obtained and examined. Data including age, gender, impacted third molar, canine teeth, NSD, and CB were examined. MSV was measured using the MIMICS software (Materialise HQ Technologielaan, Leuven, Belgium). All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21) software and p values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.

RESULTS

Mean volume of the right maxillary sinus was 13.566 cm³, while the left was 13.882 cm³. The rate of patients with right and left impacted third molar teeth was 49.1% and 47.3%, respectively. The rate of right and left impacted canines was 1.8% and 5.5%, respectively. NSD was found in 56.4% of CBCT examinations and right and left CB were observed in 30.9% and 32.7% of the patients' examinations, respectively. Males had a significantly higher mean sinus volume than females for both sides (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between MSV and age (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between MSV and impacted teeth, NSD and CB (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

NSD, CB, impacted teeth, and age were not found to be related to MSV. Gender had an effect on MSV and males had higher mean sinus volume than females.

Relationship between Anatomical Variations of Sinonasal Area and Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization

INTRODUCTION

Maxillary sinuses are among the largest paranasal sinuses with various shapes and volumes. The dimensions and volumes of maxillary sinuses play an important role in the surgical treatment plan. The higher levels of pneumatization of alveolar bone lead to the increase of odontogenic sinusitis which cause problems in dental implantation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maxillary sinus volume and pneumatization and anatomical factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, computed tomography (CT) images of the healthy maxillary sinuses of 199 adult patients were reviewed. Amira software was used for the measurement of sinus volume. Sinus pneumatization of the alveolar bone in coronal CT scan images in the posterior teeth areas was measured. Moreover, anatomical variations of the sinonasal region, such as nasal septal deviation, and size of the ostium were measured and recorded. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the t-test, and the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were applied for data analysis.

RESULTS

According to the obtained results, the mean value of the maxillary sinus volume and the alveolar bone pneumatization were 15.54 mm³ and 3.54 mm, respectively. The mean value of the maxillary sinus volume was statistically higher among males than females (P<0.001). The prevalence of nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, and maxillary sinus septa were 14.6%, 14.6% and 6% respectively. There were no association between anatomical factors, including the nasal septal deviation, the size of the ostium, concha bullosa, and maxillary sinus septa and maxillary sinus volume and pneumatization. P-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

No correlation was observed between the anatomical variations of the sinonasal region and maxillary sinus volume and pneumatization.

Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary sinus volume in different age and sex groups using CBCT

AIM

Sinus maxillaris is an important anatomical formation in many branches of dentistry due to its proximity to the field of work. Various methods have been used in literature to measure the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) such as cadavers, stereology, two-dimensional conventional radiographs, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the change of maxillary sinus volume according to age and gender with MIMICS 19.0 (Materialise HQ Technologielaan, Leuven, Belgium) which is one of three-dimensional modeling software.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was performed in 200 patients selected by a retrospective review of the archives of the Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Patients were divided into five age groups (18-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years, and ≥ 55 years) and by sex. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the patients were transferred to the MIMICS software and the MSV was measured. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21) software.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left maxillary sinus volume according to the findings obtained from our study, and maxillary sinus volume in males was found to be significantly higher than that of females. Another finding of our study is that the maxillary sinus volume decreases with age increase. Especially it was also found that the sinus volume in males in the 18-24 age group was statistically significantly higher than females.

CONCLUSION

Consequently, maxillary sinus volume measurements can be made on CT, CBCT, MRI scans using reconstruction software.

Changes in Maxillary Sinus Volume and It's Walls Thickness Due to Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Study

This is a prospective observational cross sectional study comprising of 57 patients who were having symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis which were evaluated with the help of computed tomography scan (coronal and axial sections) to measure the thickness of all walls of maxillary sinus and it's volume. Computed tomographic imaging of sinonasal region has become the gold standard in the evaluation of patients with chronic sinusitis. The maxillary sinus is pyramidal in shape with lateral wall of nose forming its base and its apex is directed towards zygomatic process. All three dimensions of the maxillary sinus were measured and the volume of each maxillary sinus was also calculated. Hyperostosis of maxillary sinus tended to increase maxillary sinus walls thickness which ultimately results into decrease in maxillary sinus volume in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Is the pneumatisation of the maxillary sinus following tooth loss a reality? A retrospective analysis using cone beam computed tomography and a customised software program

OBJECTIVES

To compare the dimensions of maxillary sinuses in dentate and edentulous patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and a customised software program.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study comprised CBCTs of 50 dentate and 50 edentulous posterior maxillae. The observers drew two planar curves in all included sinuses in the frontal, sagittal and axial planes of the respective CBCT scans. The volume (mm³), surface (mm²) and maximum diameter (mm) of the sinuses were calculated using a custom-made software program. The variables analysed were the influence of the state of dentition on sinus dimensions (primary outcome) and the influence of age, gender and side on sinus dimensions; the time needed for analysis; and the intra- and inter-observer agreement (secondary outcomes).

RESULTS

There was no difference in sinus dimensions between dentate and edentulous posterior maxillae. Males had significantly (p < 0.05) greater volume, surface and diameter than females. Strong intra- and inter-observer agreement (Pearson correlation) was found for the calculated sinus dimensions. The time needed per analysis was less than 4 min for both observers.

CONCLUSIONS

Being edentulous did not have an impact on the sinus dimensions, suggesting that there is no ongoing pneumatisation in the sinus after tooth loss. Males had larger sinuses than females in a population older than 30 years.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Following tooth loss in the posterior maxilla, vertical bone height is primarily lost due to resorption of the alveolar crest, and not due to pneumatisation of the maxillary sinus. The customised software program was found to be user-friendly and efficient.

Effect of Deviated Nasal Septum on Maxillary Sinus Volume and Occurrence of Sinusitis

Nose is the central part of mid-face and has an important functional, aesthetic and psychological role. The first modern and accurate descriptions of the paranasal sinuses can be traced to the works of the late 19th century Austrian anatomist Emil Zuckerkandl. In our study we tried to relate deviated nasal septum (DNS) with occurrence of sinusitis and its effect on volume of the maxillary sinus. It is a pioneer study in the field of otolaryngology and not many studies have been conducted on this topic. This is a cross sectional study involving patients with deviated nasal septum and having symptoms of sinusitis like fever, general malaise, body ache, headache, pain, tenderness, nasal discharge and post nasal discharge. The study was conducted at the department of otolaryngology at a tertiary care center on 84 subjects out of which 71 patients got CT scan done, which were included in the study. All subjects having Grade 5 and 6 DNS showed blocked osteomeatal complex (OMC) on CT scan while in Grade 2 the occurrence was only 50%. This finding was suggestive of increase in incidence of OMC block with increasing grade of DNS. The maxillary sinus volume for the cases was seen maximum in range of 9.1-10 cu mm by software and in the range of 8.1-9 cu mm for geometric analysis. Cases with Grade 2 DNS showed maximum cases in volume range of 11.1-12 followed by 9.1-10. On the other hand volume by geometric analysis showed equal cases in range 8.1-9 and 10.1-11. The study showed strong association of blocked OMC with high grade DNS. It also showed reduced sinus volume in higher grades of DNS. Further studies are needed in this field with a higher number of subjects to establish the relation between decreased volume of maxillary sinus and grade of DNS.

Evaluation of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions in different vertical face growth patterns: a study of cone-beam computed tomography

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare sinus volume and dimensions in patients with high-, low-, and normal-angle vertical growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

According to skeletal vertical face growth patterns, 60 adults (31 female, 29 male, average age: 29.90 ± 10.91 years) were divided into three groups equally: high-angle, low-angle, and normal-angle groups. Cephalometric tracings were obtained from CBCT images and SN-GoGn (angle between Sella-Nasion line and Gonion-Gnathion line) cephalometric angular measurements used for the classification of skeletal vertical pattern evaluations. Morphological and dimensional changes in the maxillary sinuses were evaluated on CBCT images. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests.

RESULTS

There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of age (p > .05). The low-angle vertical growth pattern group showed significantly better results than the high-angle group in the right maxillary sinus length parameter (p < .05).

CONCLUSION

According to the results, the high-angle subjects showed statistically lower values in terms of maxillary sinus length and width than the low-angle subjects. There were no effects of vertical face development on right and left maxillary sinus volumes. The results of this study may be useful in maxillary sinus evaluation when planning for orthognathic surgery and orthodontic mini screw application in various vertical face patterns.

Anatomical correlation between existence of concha bullosa and maxillary sinus volume

PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of concha bullosa variation on maxillary sinus volume and uncinate angle.

METHOD

The study group included 169 patients (338 sides) who underwent either surgical or medical treatment with the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The paranasal sinus computed tomography of these patients was analyzed to measure maxillary sinus volume, uncinate angle and existence of concha bullosa. Subsequently, these variables were evaluated to find out possible relationship inbetween.

RESULTS

Mean maxillary sinus volume and uncinate angle at right and left sides were 15.21 ± 0.47 and 15.51 ± 0.48 mm(3), 30.57 ± 0.62° and 30.20 ± 0.68°, respectively. There was no difference between patients with or without concha bullosa in regard to maxillary sinus volume and uncinate angle at both sides. Maxillary sinus volume and degree of uncinate angle did not show any significant correlation at both sides; r = -0.124, p = 0.107 and r = -0.136, p = 0.078.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, concha bullosa is a common anatomical variation at nasal cavity. The existence of concha bullosa does not have any association with the volume of maxillary sinus and angle of uncinate process.

Dimensional changes in maxillary sinus of mouth breathers

AIMS

Nose being the primary mode of air intake in humans can be obstructed in certain conditions and mouth takes over the process of breathing. As a result, there is a reduced or complete loss of function of nose, which shows underdevelopment or stunted growth (change in form). This can lead to impaired pneumatization that can result in dimensional changes in the sinus.

OBJECTIVE

To assess volume alterations in maxillary sinus as secondary and as compensatory mechanism to altered functional matrices by comparing overall maxillary sinus volume of mouth breathers with normal breathers in the age group 12-14 years and to evaluate effect of gender on maxillary sinus volume.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Maxillary sinus volume calculated using manual segmentation method from CBCT scans of 25 normal breathers and 25 mouth breathers were compared.

RESULTS

Mean maxillary sinus volume of mouth breathers was significantly less than normal breathers (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Mouth breathers showed lesser maxillary sinus volume but it is still uncertain whether the reduction in the volume of maxillary sinus is because the form of the maxillary sinus is affected due to improper functioning of nasal cavity or due to the underlying pathological condition resulting in poorly growing sinus.