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Cortese-Krott MM, Fernandez BO, Santos JLT, Mergia E, Grman M, Nagy P, Kelm M, Butler A, Feelisch M. Nitrosopersulfide (SSNO(-)) accounts for sustained NO bioactivity of S-nitrosothiols following reaction with sulfide. Redox Biol 2014; 2:234-44. [PMID: 24494198 PMCID: PMC3909780 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfide salts are known to promote the release of nitric oxide (NO) from S-nitrosothiols and potentiate their vasorelaxant activity, but much of the cross-talk between hydrogen sulfide and NO is believed to occur via functional interactions of cell regulatory elements such as phosphodiesterases. Using RFL-6 cells as an NO reporter system we sought to investigate whether sulfide can also modulate nitrosothiol-mediated soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation following direct chemical interaction. We find a U-shaped dose response relationship where low sulfide concentrations attenuate sGC stimulation by S-nitrosopenicillamine (SNAP) and cyclic GMP levels are restored at equimolar ratios. Similar results are observed when intracellular sulfide levels are raised by pre-incubation with the sulfide donor, GYY4137. The outcome of direct sulfide/nitrosothiol interactions also critically depends on molar reactant ratios and is accompanied by oxygen consumption. With sulfide in excess, a ‘yellow compound’ accumulates that is indistinguishable from the product of solid-phase transnitrosation of either hydrosulfide or hydrodisulfide and assigned to be nitrosopersulfide (perthionitrite, SSNO−; λmax 412 nm in aqueous buffers, pH 7.4; 448 nm in DMF). Time-resolved chemiluminescence and UV–visible spectroscopy analyses suggest that its generation is preceded by formation of the short-lived NO-donor, thionitrite (SNO−). In contrast to the latter, SSNO− is rather stable at physiological pH and generates both NO and polysulfides on decomposition, resulting in sustained potentiation of SNAP-induced sGC stimulation. Thus, sulfide reacts with nitrosothiols to form multiple bioactive products; SSNO− rather than SNO− may account for some of the longer-lived effects of nitrosothiols and contribute to sulfide and NO signaling. Sulfide modulates the bioactivity of nitrosothiols in a concentration-dependent manner. Nitrosopersulfide anions (SSNO−) accumulate at high sulfide/RSNO ratios. SSNO− releases NO and is surprisingly stable in the presence of reduced thiols. SSNO− is a potent activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase. SSNO− is likely to contribute to NO and hydrogen sulfide/polysulfide signaling.
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Key Words
- CysNO, S-nitrosocysteine
- DMF, dimetylformamide
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- GSNO, S-nitrosoglutathione
- HSNO
- Hydrogen sulfide
- IPN, isopentyl nitrite
- NO+, nitrosonium
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nitric oxide
- Nitroxyl
- Polysulfides
- RFL-6, rat fibroblastoid-like cell line
- SNAP, S-nitrosopenicillamine
- SNO−, thionitrite
- SSNO−, nitrosopersulfide, perthionitrite, PDE, phopsphodiesterase
- cGMP
- sGC, soluble guanylyl cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - José L T Santos
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Evanthia Mergia
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marian Grman
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György utca 7-9, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Butler
- Medical School, University of St-Andrews, St-Andrews, Fife, Scotland
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
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