1
|
Ritzl A, Csukly G, Balázs K, Égerházi A. Facial emotion recognition deficits and alexithymia in borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorders. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:154-159. [PMID: 30248486 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies that aimed to support emotion recognition deficits and alexithymia in B cluster personality disorders have mainly focused on borderline personality disorder (BPD), and resulted in mixed findings. In our study we examine emotion recognition and alexithymia in patients with histrionic (HPD), narcissistic (NPD) and borderline (BPD) personality disorders compared to each other and healthy controls. Furthermore, the possibility is investigated that it is not the type of PD but the severity of psychopathology which predicts the severity of emotion recognition deficits and alexithymia. Patients with HPD, NPD, BPD and healthy controls (N = 20 for each group) were examined by using the Ekman 60 Faces Test (FEEST) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). To measure the extent and severity of psychopathology, the Symptom-Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) was used. Patient groups performed significantly worse compared to healthy controls on the Ekman test and TAS-20, while we found no significant differences among patient groups in emotion recognition and alexithymia. Furthermore, higher scores on the SCL-90-R predicted poorer emotion recognition performance and higher alexithymic features. The empirical data supports the conclusion that the severity of psychopathology plays an important role in predicting emotion recognition deficits and alexithymia in borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ritzl
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Égerházi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Polek E, Jones PB, Fearon P, Brodbeck J, Moutoussis M, NSPN Consortium, Dolan R, Fonagy P, Bullmore ET, Goodyer IM. Personality dimensions emerging during adolescence and young adulthood are underpinned by a single latent trait indexing impairment in social functioning. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29373967 PMCID: PMC5787243 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality with stable behavioural traits emerges in the adolescent and young adult years. Models of putatively distinct, but correlated, personality traits have been developed to describe behavioural styles including schizotypal, narcissistic, callous-unemotional, negative emotionality, antisocial and impulsivity traits. These traits have influenced the classification of their related personality disorders. We tested if a bifactor model fits the data better than correlated-factor and orthogonal-factor models and subsequently validated the obtained factors with mental health measures and treatment history. METHOD A set of self-report questionnaires measuring the above traits together with measures of mental health and service use were collected from a volunteer community sample of adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 25 years (N = 2443). RESULTS The bifactor model with one general and four specific factors emerged in exploratory analysis, which fit data better than models with correlated or orthogonal factors. The general factor showed high reliability and validity. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that a selected range of putatively distinct personality traits is underpinned by a general latent personality trait that may be interpreted as a severity factor, with higher scores indexing more impairment in social functioning. The results are in line with ICD-11, which suggest an explicit link between personality disorders and compromised interpersonal or social function. The obtained general factor was akin to the overarching dimension of personality functioning (describing one's relation to the self and others) proposed by DSM-5 Section III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ela Polek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
- School of Psychology, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care East of England and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 8AH UK
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
| | - Jeannette Brodbeck
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Berne, 8 Fabrikstrasse, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - NSPN Consortium
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ray Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care East of England and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 8AH UK
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH UK
| |
Collapse
|