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Takahashi F, Baba T, Christianto A, Yanai S, Lee-Okada HC, Ishiwata K, Nakabayashi K, Hata K, Ishii T, Hasegawa T, Yokomizo T, Choi MH, Morohashi KI. Development of sexual dimorphism of skeletal muscles through the adrenal cortex, caused by androgen-induced global gene suppression. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113715. [PMID: 38306273 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The zona fasciculata (zF) in the adrenal cortex contributes to multiple physiological actions through glucocorticoid synthesis. The size, proliferation, and glucocorticoid synthesis characteristics are all female biased, and sexual dimorphism is established by androgen. In this study, transcriptomes were obtained to unveil the sex differentiation mechanism. Interestingly, both the amount of mRNA and the expressions of nearly all genes were higher in females. The expression of Nr5a1, which is essential for steroidogenic cell differentiation, was also female biased. Whole-genome studies demonstrated that NR5A1 regulates nearly all gene expression directly or indirectly. This suggests that androgen-induced global gene suppression is potentially mediated by NR5A1. Using Nr5a1 heterozygous mice, whose adrenal cortex is smaller than the wild type, we demonstrated that the size of skeletal muscles is possibly regulated by glucocorticoid synthesized by zF. Taken together, considering the ubiquitous presence of glucocorticoid receptors, our findings provide a pathway for sex differentiation through glucocorticoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Takahashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Antonius Christianto
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shogo Yanai
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishiwata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan; Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
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Shi B, Lu H, Zhang L, Zhang W. Nr5a1b promotes and Nr5a2 inhibits transcription of lhb in the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides†. Biol Reprod 2019; 101:800-812. [PMID: 31317174 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nr5a1 (Sf-1) up-regulates lhb expression across vertebrates; however, its regulatory roles on fshb remain to be defined. Moreover, the involvement of Nr5a2 in the regulation of gonadotropin expression is not clear either. In the present study, the involvement of Nr5a1b (a homologue of Nr5a1) and Nr5a2 in the regulation of lhb and fshb expression in the orange-spotted grouper was examined. Dual fluorescent immunohistochemistry using homologous antisera showed that in the pituitary of orange-spotted groupers, Lh cells contain both immunoreactive Nr5a1b and Nr5a2 signals, whereas Fsh cells contain neither of them. In LβT2 cells, Nr5a1b up-regulated basal activities of lhb and fshb promoters possibly via Nr5a sites, and synergistically (on lhb promoter) or additively (on fshb promoter) with forskolin. Surprisingly, Nr5a2 inhibited basal activities of lhb promoter possibly via Nr5a sites and attenuated the stimulatory effects of both forskolin and Nr5a1b. In contrast, Nr5a2 had no effects on fshb promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that both Nr5a1b and Nr5a2 bound to lhb promoter, but not fshb promoter in the pituitary of the orange-spotted grouper. The abundance of Nr5a1b bound to lhb promoter was significantly higher at the vitellogenic stage than the pre-vitellogenic stage, whereas that of Nr5a2 exhibited an opposite trend. Taken together, data of the present study demonstrated antagonistic effects of Nr5a1b and Nr5a2 on lhb transcription in the orange-spotted grouper and revealed novel regulatory mechanisms of differential expression of lhb and fshb genes through Nr5a homologues in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Shi
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Pacini V, Petit F, Querat B, Laverriere JN, Cohen-Tannoudji J, L'hôte D. Identification of a pituitary ERα-activated enhancer triggering the expression of Nr5a1, the earliest gonadotrope lineage-specific transcription factor. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:48. [PMID: 31391075 PMCID: PMC6685283 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gonadotrope lineage differentiation is a stepwise process taking place during pituitary development. The early step of gonadotrope lineage specification is characterized by the expression of the Nr5a1 transcription factor, a crucial factor for gonadotrope cell fate determination. Abnormalities affecting Nr5a1 expression lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. Although significant knowledge has been gained on the signaling and transcriptional events controlling gonadotrope differentiation, epigenetic mechanisms regulating Nr5a1 expression during early gonadotrope lineage specification are still poorly understood. Results Using ATAC chromatin accessibility analyses on three cell lines recapitulating gradual stages of gonadotrope differentiation and in vivo on developing pituitaries, we demonstrate that a yet undescribed enhancer is transiently recruited during gonadotrope specification. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we show that this enhancer is mandatory for the emergence of Nr5a1 during gonadotrope specification. Furthermore, we identify a highly conserved estrogen-binding element and demonstrate that the enhancer activation is dependent upon estrogen acting through ERα. Lastly, we provide evidence that binding of ERα is crucial for chromatin remodeling of Nr5a1 enhancer and promoter, leading to RNA polymerase recruitment and transcription. Conclusion This study identifies the earliest regulatory sequence involved in gonadotrope lineage specification and highlights the key epigenetic role played by ERα in this differentiation process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-019-0291-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pacini
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM U1133, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM U1133, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Querat
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM U1133, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Noël Laverriere
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM U1133, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM U1133, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - David L'hôte
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM U1133, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France.
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Shi B, Lu H, Zhang L, Zhang W. A homologue of Nr5a1 activates cyp19a1a transcription additively with Nr5a2 in ovarian follicular cells of the orange-spotted grouper. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:85-93. [PMID: 28694164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors of nuclear receptor 5A (Nr5a) subfamily play pivotal roles in regulation of steroidogenic enzymes in vertebrates including teleosts. In the orange-spotted grouper, the expression of Nr5a1a was only detectable in the ovary, spleen, and head kidney in the female. The immunoreactive Nr5a1a was present in ovarian follicular and germ cells. In the ovarian follicular cells surrounding vitellogenic oocytes, Nr5a1a was detected both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and co-localized with Cyp19a1a and Nr5a2. In the ovarian follicular cells surrounding fully grown oocytes, Nr5a1a was localized almost exclusively to the cytoplasm together with Nr5a2. Nr5a1a could up-regulate cyp19a1a promoter activities through Nr5a sites, and further increase the responses elicited by Nr5a2 at sub-maximal doses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Nr5a1a bound to cyp19a1a promoter in the vitellogenic but not fully grown ovary. Taken together, Nr5a1a up-regulates cyp19a1a additively with Nr5a2 during vitellogenesis, and its cytoplasmic sequestration may also contribute to the down-regulation of cyp19a1a in the fully grown ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Shi
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Fujikawa T, Castorena CM, Pearson M, Kusminski CM, Ahmed N, Battiprolu PK, Kim KW, Lee S, Hill JA, Scherer PE, Holland WL, Elmquist JK. SF-1 expression in the hypothalamus is required for beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27874828 PMCID: PMC5119890 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has numerous beneficial metabolic effects. The central nervous system (CNS) is critical for regulating energy balance and coordinating whole body metabolism. However, a role for the CNS in the regulation of metabolism in the context of the exercise remains less clear. Here, using genetically engineered mice we assessed the requirement of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. We found that VMH-specific deletion of SF-1 blunts (a) the reductions in fat mass, (b) improvements in glycemia, and (c) increases in energy expenditure that are associated with exercise training. Unexpectedly, we found that SF-1 deletion in the VMH attenuates metabolic responses of skeletal muscle to exercise, including induction of PGC-1α expression. Collectively, this evidence suggests that SF-1 expression in VMH neurons is required for the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Fujikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Carlos M Castorena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mackenzie Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Newaz Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Pavan K Battiprolu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.,Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Syann Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Fujikawa T, Castorena CM, Pearson M, Kusminski CM, Ahmed N, Battiprolu PK, Kim KW, Lee S, Hill JA, Scherer PE, Holland WL, Elmquist JK. SF-1 expression in the hypothalamus is required for beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. eLife 2016; 5:e18206. [PMID: 27874828 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15092.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has numerous beneficial metabolic effects. The central nervous system (CNS) is critical for regulating energy balance and coordinating whole body metabolism. However, a role for the CNS in the regulation of metabolism in the context of the exercise remains less clear. Here, using genetically engineered mice we assessed the requirement of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. We found that VMH-specific deletion of SF-1 blunts (a) the reductions in fat mass, (b) improvements in glycemia, and (c) increases in energy expenditure that are associated with exercise training. Unexpectedly, we found that SF-1 deletion in the VMH attenuates metabolic responses of skeletal muscle to exercise, including induction of PGC-1α expression. Collectively, this evidence suggests that SF-1 expression in VMH neurons is required for the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Fujikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Carlos M Castorena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mackenzie Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Newaz Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Pavan K Battiprolu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Syann Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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