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Liu X, Shen L, Wang H. Decreased Expression of PLD2 Promotes EMT in Colorectal Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. J Cancer 2024; 15:2981-2993. [PMID: 38706911 PMCID: PMC11064252 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: PLD2 has been identified as playing a critical role in cancer cell motility and migration and other pathophysiological processes. We investigated the expression of PLD2 and its biological functions and clinical implications in human colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, the expressions of PLD2 were analyzed in CRC cell lines and CRC samples by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The PLD enzyme activity was studied using an PLD detection kit. We also performed matrigel invasion assay to evaluate the invasive capabilities in CRC cells. The expressions of EMT-related markers were quantified at mRNA and protein level using RT-PCR and western blot. We performed high-throughput RNA sequencing on PLD2 knockdown and overexpression CRC cell lines to explore the changes in gene expression associated with PLD2. Result: Herein, we showed that PLD2 expression was relatively low in CRC cell lines and CRC samples and PLD2 deficiency was significantly correlated with more advanced clinical phenotype regarding lymphatic and distant metastasis and poor patient survival. We also detected that PLD2 knockdown favored epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and thus promoted CRC invasion and metastasis. Further exploration uncovered that the expressions of several important genes closely related to metabolic pathways in CRC were noticeably altered due to PLD2 deficiency, including ID1, IFIT4, OASL, IFIT2 and CTAG2. Conclusion: Our results revealed that PLD2 deficiency promotes cell invasion and metastasis in CRC via EMT indicating PLD2 might have an important implication in carcinogenesis and progression and would be a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Su Z, Slivka P, Paulsboe S, Chu K, Wetter JB, Namovic M, Perron D, Kannan A, Wan Q, Manning C, Todorovic V, Smith KM, Lipovsky A, Wang Y, Frank K, McGaraughty S, Loud J, Scott VE, Honore P, Goedken ER. Importance of PLD2 in an IL-23 driven psoriasiform dermatitis model and potential link to human psoriasis. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1321-1329. [PMID: 37455419 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), a major isoform of the PLD family, has been reported to regulate inflammatory responses. Thus far, the relevance of PLD2 in psoriasis, an inflammatory skin disease, has not been explored. In the current study, we examined PLD2 expression in the skin of psoriasis patients and the role of PLD2 in an interleukin (IL)-23-induced mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis. Both in situ hybridization and bulk RNA sequencing showed PLD2 gene expression is significantly higher in lesional relative to non-lesional skin of psoriasis patients or the skin of healthy subjects. PLD2 expression is also enriched in residual lesions from patients on biologic therapies. Murine in vivo studies showed that PLD2 deficiency significantly reduced psoriasiform inflammation in IL-23-injected ears, as reflected by decreases in ear thickness, expression of defensin beta 4A and the S100 calcium binding protein A7A, macrophage infiltrate, and expression of CXCL10 and IL-6. However, the expression of type 17 cytokines, IL-17A and IL-17F, were not reduced. Dual knockout of PLD1 and PLD2 offered little additional protection compared to PLD2 knockout alone in the IL-23 model. In addition, pharmacological inhibition with a pan-PLD1/PLD2 inhibitor also suppressed IL-23-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages from wild type (WT) and PLD2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited little difference in viability and sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide and/or interferon gamma, or resiquimod (R848). PLD2 deficiency did not alter the differentiation and function of Th17 cells in an ex vivo study with splenocytes isolated from WT and PLD2 KO mice. Overall, these data suggest that PLD2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Reducing macrophage infiltrate and cytokine/chemokine production might contribute to an anti-inflammatory effect observed in PLD2 knockout mice. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms by which PLD2 contributes to skin lesions in psoriasis patients and psoriasiform dermatitis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Slivka
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Katherine Chu
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph B Wetter
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marian Namovic
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Denise Perron
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arun Kannan
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qi Wan
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlene Manning
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viktor Todorovic
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen M Smith
- Cambridge Research Center, AbbVie Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Lipovsky
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yibing Wang
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristine Frank
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Loud
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria E Scott
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Prisca Honore
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric R Goedken
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Wu H, Chen H, Zhou R. Phospholipase D2 targeted by miR-5132-5p alleviates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis via the Nrf2/NFκB pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e831. [PMID: 37249288 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory process unexpectedly occurring in the pancreas, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Herein, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of action of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in cerulein-treated AR42J cells, affording valuable insights into the treatment of AP. METHODS The levels of PLD2, miR-5132-5p, inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α), caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in cerulein-treated AR42J cells were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain, caspase-3 activity, and Western blot analysis. Protein levels of nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-κB) were detected by Western blot analysis. TargetScan predicted upstream microRNAs (miRNAs) of PLD2, and the interaction between miR-5132-5p and PLD2 was verified using a luciferase assay. RESULTS In cerulein-treated AR42J cells, PLD2 levels were downregulated, while miR-5132-5p expression was upregulated. Overexpression of PLD2 attenuated the cerulein-mediated facilitatory effect on inflammation and apoptosis in AR42J cells by regulating the Nrf2/NFκB pathway. Luciferase reporter analysis revealed that miR-5132-5p targeted PLD2, and miR-5132-5p negatively regulated PLD2. Upregulation of miR-5132-5p expression exacerbated inflammation and apoptosis and reversed the protective effect of PLD2 overexpression on AP. CONCLUSION PLD2 targeted by miR-5132-5p can attenuate cerulein-induced AP in AR42J cells via the Nrf2/NFκB pathway, providing therapeutic targets for patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Lin C, Yan J, Kapur MD, Norris KL, Hsieh C, Huang D, Vitale N, Lim K, Guan Z, Wang X, Chi J, Yang W, Yao T. Parkin coordinates mitochondrial lipid remodeling to execute mitophagy. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55191. [PMID: 36256516 PMCID: PMC9724658 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has emerged as the prime machinery for implementing organelle quality control. In the context of mitophagy, the ubiquitin E3 ligase Parkin tags impaired mitochondria with ubiquitin to activate autophagic degradation. Although ubiquitination is essential for mitophagy, it is unclear how ubiquitinated mitochondria activate autophagosome assembly locally to ensure efficient destruction. Here, we report that Parkin activates lipid remodeling on mitochondria targeted for autophagic destruction. Mitochondrial Parkin induces the production of phosphatidic acid (PA) and its subsequent conversion to diacylglycerol (DAG) by recruiting phospholipase D2 and activating the PA phosphatase, Lipin-1. The production of DAG requires mitochondrial ubiquitination and ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptors, NDP52 and optineurin (OPTN). Autophagic receptors, via Golgi-derived vesicles, deliver an autophagic activator, EndoB1, to ubiquitinated mitochondria. Inhibition of Lipin-1, NDP52/OPTN, or EndoB1 results in a failure to produce mitochondrial DAG, autophagosomes, and mitochondrial clearance, while exogenous cell-permeable DAG can induce autophagosome production. Thus, mitochondrial DAG production acts downstream of Parkin to enable the local assembly of autophagosomes for the efficient disposal of ubiquitinated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Chieh Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Meghan D Kapur
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Kristi L Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Cheng‐Wei Hsieh
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - De Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et IntégrativesUPR‐3212 CNRS ‐ Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Kah‐Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of BiochemistryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Xiao‐Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Jen‐Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
| | - Wei‐Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tso‐Pang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
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5
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Santa-Marinha L, Castanho I, Silva RR, Bravo FV, Miranda AM, Meira T, Morais-Ribeiro R, Marques F, Xu Y, Point du Jour K, Wenk M, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Pinto V, Oliveira TG. Phospholipase D1 Ablation Disrupts Mouse Longitudinal Hippocampal Axis Organization and Functioning. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4197-4208.e6. [PMID: 32209478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a signaling lipid involved in the modulation of synaptic structure and functioning. Based on previous work showing a decreasing PA gradient along the longitudinal axis of the rodent hippocampus, we asked whether the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and the ventral hippocampus (VH) are differentially affected by PA modulation. Here, we show that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is a major hippocampal PA source, compared to PLD2, and that PLD1 ablation affects predominantly the lipidome of the DH. Moreover, Pld1 knockout (KO) mice show specific deficits in novel object recognition and social interaction and disruption in the DH-VH dendritic arborization differentiation in CA1/CA3 pyramidal neurons. Also, Pld1 KO animals present reduced long-term depression (LTD) induction and reduced GluN2A and SNAP-25 protein levels in the DH. Overall, we observe that PLD1-derived PA reduction leads to differential lipid signatures along the longitudinal hippocampal axis, predominantly affecting DH organization and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Santa-Marinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rita Ribeiro Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Francisca Vaz Bravo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - André Miguel Miranda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Torcato Meira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Morais-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kimberly Point du Jour
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Markus Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vítor Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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6
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Barisano D, Frohman MA. Roles for Phospholipase D1 in the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1259:77-87. [PMID: 32578172 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-modifying signal transduction enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) has been proposed to have roles in oncogenic processes for well-on 30 years, with most of the early literature focused on potential functions for PLD in the biology of the tumor cells themselves. While such roles remain under investigation, evidence has also now been generated to support additional roles for PLD, in particular PLD1, in the tumor microenvironment, including effects on neoangiogenesis, the supply of nutrients, interactions of platelets with circulating cancer cells, the response of the immune system, and exosome biology. Here, we review these lines of investigation, accompanied by a discussion of the limitations of the existing studies and some cautionary notes regarding the study and interpretation of PLD function using model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barisano
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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7
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Liu M, Du K, Jiang B, Wu X. High Expression of PhospholipaseD2 Induced by Hypoxia Promotes Proliferation of Colon Cancer Cells through Activating NF- κ Bp65 Signaling Pathway. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:281-90. [PMID: 30091007 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a typical feature of colon cancer occurrence and progression. We have reported that high expression and activity of PhospholipaseD2 (PLD2) induced by hypoxia in colon cancer cells. In order to further investigate the role of PLD2 in colon cancer under hypoxic conditions. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of human colon cancer cells (SW480 and SW620) under hypoxic conditions by decrease the PLD2 gene expression or inhibit the activity of PLD2. Expression level of p-P65/T-P65 and Cyclin D1 were detected in those cells treated as above through using western blot and RT-PCR analysis. Effect of NF-Bp65 inhibitor (BAY-117082) on the proliferation and expression level of Cyclin D1 and PLD2 of colon cancer cells under hypoxic conditions were further analysised. As a result, decreased the expression of PLD2 or inhibited the activity of PLD2 leaded to the proliferation of hypoxia colon cancer cells reduced, and along with the expression level of p-P65/T-P65 and Cyclin D1 reduced. However, inhibition the expression level of p-P65/T-P65 lead to the proliferation and expression of Cyclin D1 in those hypoxia colon cancer cells also reduced. In vivo growth decreased in response to PLD2 and NF-Bp65 inhibition. Our study indicates that high expression of PLD2 induced by hypoxia promotes the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and it may elevate the expression level of Cyclin D1 through activating NF-Bp65 signaling pathway. Inhibition of the PLD2 expression may provide a new clue for treatment for colon cancer.
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8
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Mendez-Gomez HR, Singh J, Meyers C, Chen W, Gorbatyuk OS, Muzyczka N. The Lipase Activity of Phospholipase D2 is Responsible for Nigral Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2018. [PMID: 29526688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), an enzyme involved in vesicle trafficking and membrane signaling, interacts with α-synuclein, a protein known to contribute in the development of Parkinson disease (PD). We previously reported that PLD2 overexpression in rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) causes a rapid neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons, and that α-synuclein suppresses PLD2-induced nigral degeneration (Gorbatyuk et al., 2010). Here, we report that PLD2 toxicity is due to its lipase activity. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant (K758R) of PLD2 prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc and does not show signs of toxicity after 10 weeks of overexpression. Further, mutant K758R does not affect dopamine levels in the striatum. In contrast, mutants that prevent PLD2 interaction with dynamin or growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2) but retained lipase activity, continued to show rapid neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that neither the interaction of PLD2 with dynamin, which has a role in vesicle trafficking, nor the PLD2 interaction with Grb2, which has multiple roles in cell cycle control, chemotaxis and activation of tyrosine kinase complexes, are the primary cause of neurodegeneration. Instead, the synthesis of phosphatidic acid (the product of PLD2), which is a second messenger in multiple cellular pathways, appears to be the key to PLD2 induced neurodegeneration. The fact that α-synuclein is a regulator of PLD2 activity suggests that regulation of PLD2 activity could be important in the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector R Mendez-Gomez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; UF Genetics Institute and Powell Gene Therapy Center, USA.
| | - Jasbir Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; UF Genetics Institute and Powell Gene Therapy Center, USA
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; UF Genetics Institute and Powell Gene Therapy Center, USA
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; UF Genetics Institute and Powell Gene Therapy Center, USA
| | - Oleg S Gorbatyuk
- Department of Vision Sciences, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas Muzyczka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; UF Genetics Institute and Powell Gene Therapy Center, USA
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9
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Wang Z, Zhang F, He J, Wu P, Tay LWR, Cai M, Nian W, Weng Y, Qin L, Chang JT, McIntire LB, Di Paolo G, Xu J, Peng J, Du G. Binding of PLD2-Generated Phosphatidic Acid to KIF5B Promotes MT1-MMP Surface Trafficking and Lung Metastasis of Mouse Breast Cancer Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 43:186-197.e7. [PMID: 29033361 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the cellular events promoting metastasis. We show that knockout of phospholipase D2 (PLD2), which generates the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA), inhibits lung metastases in the mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu transgenic mouse breast cancer model. PLD2 promotes local invasion through the regulation of the plasma membrane targeting of MT1-MMP and its associated invadopodia. A liposome pull-down screen identifies KIF5B, the heavy chain of the motor protein kinesin-1, as a new PA-binding protein. In vitro assays reveal that PA specifically and directly binds to the C terminus of KIF5B. The binding between PLD2-generated PA and KIF5B is required for the vesicular association of KIF5B, surface localization of MT1-MMP, invadopodia, and invasion in cancer cells. Taken together, these results identify a role of PLD2-generated PA in the regulation of kinesin-1 motor functions and breast cancer metastasis and suggest PLD2 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingquan He
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Wei Rachel Tay
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Weng
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura B McIntire
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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10
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Liu X, Liu X, Chen D, Jiang X, Ma W. PLD2 regulates microtubule stability and spindle migration in mouse oocytes during meiotic division. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3295. [PMID: 28533957 PMCID: PMC5436581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, cell cycle progression, transcriptional control and vesicle trafficking. There is no evidence about PLD2 function in oocytes during meiosis. Herein, we analyzed PLD2 expression and its relationship with spindle formation and positioning in mouse oocyte meiosis. High protein level of PLD2 was revealed in oocytes by Western blot, which remained consistently stable from prophase I with intact germinal vesicle (GV) up to metaphase II (MII) stage. Immunofluorescence showed that PLD2 appeared and gathered around the condensed chromosomesafter germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and co-localized with spindle from pro-metaphase I (pro-MI) to metaphase I (MI) and at MII stage. During anaphase I (Ana I) to telophase I (Tel I) transition, PLD2 was concentrated in the spindle polar area but absent from the midbody. In oocytes incubated with NFOT, an allosteric and catalytic inhibitor to PLD2, the spindle was enlarged and center-positioned, microtubules were resistant to cold-induced depolymerization and, additionally, the meiotic progression was arrested at MI stage. However, spindle migration could not be totally prevented by PLD2 catalytic specific inhibitors, FIPI and 1-butanol, implying at least partially, that PLD2 effect on spindle migration needs non-catalytic domain participation. NFOT-induced defects also resulted in actin-related molecules’ distribution alteration, such as RhoA, phosphatidylinosital 4, 5- biphosphate (PIP2), phosphorylated Colifin and, consequently, unordered F-actin dynamics. Taken together, these data indicate PLD2 is required for the regulation of microtubule dynamics and spindle migration toward the cortex in mammalian oocytes during meiotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liu M, Fu Z, Wu X, Du K, Zhang S, Zeng L. Inhibition of phospholipaseD2 increases hypoxia-induced human colon cancer cell apoptosis through inactivating of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6155-68. [PMID: 26614430 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumor, and is a direct stress that triggers apoptosis in many human cell types. As one of solid cancer, hypoxia exists in the whole course of colon cancer occurrence and progression. Our previous studies shown that hypoxia induce high expression of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) and survivin in colon cancer cells. However, the correlation between PLD2 and survivin in hypoxic colon cancer cells remains unknown. In this study, we observed significantly elevated PLD2 and survivin expression levels in colon cancer tissues and cells. This is a positive correlation between of them, and co-expression of PLD2 and survivin has a positive correlation with the clinicpatholic features including tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. We also found that hypoxia induced the activity of PLD increased significant mainly caused by PLD2 in colon cancer cells. However, inhibition the activity of PLD2 induced by hypoxia promotes the apoptosis of human colon cancer cells, as well as decreased the expression of apoptosis markers including survivin and bcl2. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT supported the hypothesis that promotes the apoptosis of hypoxic colon cancer cells by PLD2 activity inhibition may through inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, interference the PLD2 gene expression leaded to the apoptosis of hypoxic colon cancer cells increased and also decreased the expression level of survivin and bcl2 may through inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results indicated that PLD2 play antiapoptotic role in colon cancer under hypoxic conditions, inhibition of the activity, or interference of PLD2 gene expression will benefit for the treatment of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, Peoples's Republic of China.
| | - Xingye Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, Peoples's Republic of China.
| | - Kunli Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Shouru Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, Peoples's Republic of China
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Abstract
Cells communicate with their environment in various ways, including by secreting vesicles. Secreted vesicles are loaded with proteins, lipids and RNAs that compose 'a signature' of the cell of origin and potentially can reprogram recipient cells. Secreted vesicles recently gained in interest for medicine. They represent potential sources of biomarkers that can be collected from body fluids and, by disseminating pathogenic proteins, might also participate in systemic diseases like cancer, atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms controlling the biogenesis and the uptake of secreted vesicles are poorly understood. Some of these vesicles originate from endosomes and are called 'exosomes'. In this review, we recapitulate recent insight on the role of the syndecan (SDC) heparan sulphate proteoglycans, the small intracellular adaptor syntenin and associated regulators in the biogenesis and loading of exosomes with cargo. SDC-syntenin-associated regulators include the endosomal sorting complex required for transport accessory component ALG-2-interacting protein X, the small GTPase adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribosylation factor 6, the lipid-modifying enzyme phospholipase D2 and the endoglycosidase heparanase. All these molecules appear to support the budding of SDC-syntenin and associated cargo into the lumen of endosomes. This highlights a major mechanism for the formation of intraluminal vesicles that will be released as exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Friand
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068-CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Universite', Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, 13009, France.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Guido David
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068-CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Universite', Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, 13009, France.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068-CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Universite', Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, 13009, France.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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Abstract
The phospholipase D (PLD) lipid-signaling enzyme superfamily has long been studied for its roles in cell communication and a wide range of cell biological processes. With the advent of loss-of-function genetic mouse models that have revealed that PLD1 and PLD2 ablation is overtly tolerable, small-molecule PLD1/2 inhibitors that do not cause unacceptable clinical toxicity, a PLD2 polymorphism that has been linked to altered physiology, and growing delineation of processes that are subtly altered in mice lacking PLD1/2 activity, the stage is being set for assessment of PLD1/2 inhibition for therapeutic purposes. Based on findings to date, PLD1/2 inhibition may be of more utility in acute rather than chronic settings, although this generalization will depend on the specific risks and benefits in each disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and the Center for Developmental Genetics, 438 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5140, USA.
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O'Reilly MC, Oguin TH, Scott SA, Thomas PG, Locuson CW, Morrison RD, Daniels JS, Brown HA, Lindsley CW. Discovery of a highly selective PLD2 inhibitor (ML395): a new probe with improved physiochemical properties and broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza strains. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2633-7. [PMID: 25210004 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Further chemical optimization of the halopemide-derived family of dual phospholipase D1/2 (PLD1/2) inhibitors afforded ML395 (VU0468809), a potent, >80-fold PLD2 selective allosteric inhibitor (cellular PLD1, IC50 >30,000 nM; cellular PLD2, IC50 =360 nM). Moreover, ML395 possesses an attractive in vitro DMPK profile, improved physiochemical properties, ancillary pharmacology (Eurofins Panel) cleaner than any other reported PLD inhibitor, and has been found to possess interesting activity as an antiviral agent in cellular assays against a range of influenza strains (H1, H3, H5 and H7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C O'Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center (MLPCN), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600 (USA)
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