Prolonged high-intensity exercise induces fluctuating immune responses to herpes simplex virus infection via glucocorticoids.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021;
148:1575-1588.e7. [PMID:
33965431 DOI:
10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.028]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the influence of a single bout of prolonged high-intensity exercise on viral infection.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to learn whether prolonged high-intensity exercise either exacerbates or ameliorates herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection according to the interval between virus exposure and exercise.
METHODS
Mice were intravaginally infected with HSV-2 and exposed to run on the treadmill.
RESULTS
Prolonged high-intensity exercise 17 hours after infection impaired the clearance of HSV-2, while exercise 8 hours after infection enhanced the clearance of HSV-2. These impaired or enhanced immune responses were related to a transient decrease or increase in the number of blood-circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Exercise-induced glucocorticoids transiently decreased the number of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells by facilitating their homing to the bone marrow via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, which led to their subsequent increase in the blood.
CONCLUSION
A single bout of prolonged high-intensity exercise can be either deleterious or beneficial to antiviral immunity.
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