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Koch F, Derno M, Langhammer M, Tuchscherer A, Hammon HM, Mielenz M, Metges CC, Kuhla B. A high-protein diet containing inulin/oligofructose supports body weight gain associated with lower energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation, and alters faecal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e50. [PMID: 34290864 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic supplements and high-protein (HP) diets reduce body weight and modulate intestinal microbiota. Our aim was to elucidate the combined effect of an inulin/oligofructose (FOS) and HP diet on body weight gain, energy metabolism and faecal microbiota. Forty male C57BL/6NCrl mice were fed a control (C) diet for 2 weeks and allocated to a C or HP (40 % protein) diet including no or 10 % inulin/FOS (C + I and HP + I) for 4 weeks. Inulin/FOS was added in place of starch and cellulose. Body weight, food intake, faecal energy and nitrogen were determined. Indirect calorimetry and faecal microbiota analysis were performed after 3 weeks on diets. Body weight gain of HP-fed mice was 36 % lower than HP + I- and C-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). Diet digestibility and food conversion efficiency were higher in HP + I- than HP-fed mice (P < 0⋅01), while food intake was comparable between groups. Total energy expenditure (heat production) was 25 % lower in HP + I- than in C-, HP- and C + I-fed mice (P < 0⋅001). Carbohydrate oxidation tended to be 24 % higher in HP- than in HP + I-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). Faecal nitrogen excretion was 31-45 % lower in C-, C + I- and HP + I- than in HP-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). Faecal Bacteroides-Prevotella DNA was 2⋅3-fold higher in C + I- and HP + I- relative to C-fed mice (P < 0⋅05), but Clostridium leptum DNA abundances was 79 % lower in HP + I- than in HP-fed mice (P < 0⋅05). We suggest that the higher conversion efficiency of dietary energy of HP + I but not C + I-fed mice is caused by higher digestibility and lower heat production, resulting in increased body mass.
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Corbin KD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Carnero EA, Bock C, Emerson R, Rittmann BE, Marcus AK, Davis T, Dirks B, Ilhan ZE, Champagne C, Smith SR. Integrative and quantitative bioenergetics: Design of a study to assess the impact of the gut microbiome on host energy balance. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100646. [PMID: 32875141 PMCID: PMC7451766 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature is replete with clinical studies that characterize the structure, diversity, and function of the gut microbiome and correlate the results to different disease states, including obesity. Whether the microbiome has a direct impact on obesity has not been established. To address this gap, we asked whether the gut microbiome and its bioenergetics quantitatively change host energy balance. This paper describes the design of a randomized crossover clinical trial that combines outpatient feeding with precisely controlled metabolic phenotyping in an inpatient metabolic ward. The target population was healthy, weight-stable individuals, age 18-45 and with a body mass index ≤30 kg/m2. Our primary objective was to determine within-participant differences in energy balance after consuming a control Western Diet versus a Microbiome Enhancer Diet intervention specifically designed to optimize the gut microbiome for positive impacts on host energy balance. We assessed the complete energy-balance equation via whole-room calorimetry, quantified energy intake, fecal energy losses, and methane production. We implemented conditions of tight weight stability and balance between metabolizable energy intake and predicted energy expenditure. We explored key factors that modulate the balance between host and microbial nutrient accessibility by measuring enteroendocrine hormone profiles, appetite/satiety, gut transit and gastric emptying. By integrating these clinical measurements with future bioreactor experiments, gut microbial ecology analysis, and mathematical modeling, our goal is to describe initial cause-and-effect mechanisms of gut microbiome metabolism on host energy balance. Our innovative methods will enable subsequent studies on the interacting roles of diet, the gut microbiome, and human physiology. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02939703. The present study reference can be found here: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02939703.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- Bioenergetics
- COD, chemical oxygen demand
- Calorimeter
- Chemical oxygen demand
- DEXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
- EB, energy balance
- EE, energy expenditure
- EI, energy intake
- Energy balance
- MFC, mass flow controller
- Microbiome
- NIST, national institute of standards technology
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- RMR, resting metabolic rate
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- SCFA, short chain fatty acid
- SEE, sleep energy expenditure
- TDEE, total daily energy expenditure
- TEF, thermic effect of food
- VAS, visual analog scale
- VCH4, volume of methane produced
- VCO2, volume of carbon dioxide produced
- VO2, volume of oxygen consume
- npRQ, non-protein RQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Corbin
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Elvis A. Carnero
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Bock
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rita Emerson
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew K. Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Taylor Davis
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zehra Esra Ilhan
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Steven R. Smith
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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Foster E, Lee C, Imamura F, Hollidge SE, Westgate KL, Venables MC, Poliakov I, Rowland MK, Osadchiy T, Bradley JC, Simpson EL, Adamson AJ, Olivier P, Wareham N, Forouhi NG, Brage S. Validity and reliability of an online self-report 24-h dietary recall method (Intake24): a doubly labelled water study and repeated-measures analysis. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e29. [PMID: 31501691 PMCID: PMC6722486 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Online self-reported 24-h dietary recall systems promise increased feasibility of dietary assessment. Comparison against interviewer-led recalls established their convergent validity; however, reliability and criterion-validity information is lacking. The validity of energy intakes (EI) reported using Intake24, an online 24-h recall system, was assessed against concurrent measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly labelled water in ninety-eight UK adults (40-65 years). Accuracy and precision of EI were assessed using correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest reliability of energy and nutrient intakes was assessed using data from three further UK studies where participants (11-88 years) completed Intake24 at least four times; reliability was assessed using intra-class correlations (ICC). Compared with TEE, participants under-reported EI by 25 % (95 % limits of agreement -73 % to +68 %) in the first recall, 22 % (-61 % to +41 %) for average of first two, and 25 % (-60 % to +28 %) for first three recalls. Correlations between EI and TEE were 0·31 (first), 0·47 (first two) and 0·39 (first three recalls), respectively. ICC for a single recall was 0·35 for EI and ranged from 0·31 for Fe to 0·43 for non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). Considering pairs of recalls (first two v. third and fourth recalls), ICC was 0·52 for EI and ranged from 0·37 for fat to 0·63 for NMES. EI reported with Intake24 was moderately correlated with objectively measured TEE and underestimated on average to the same extent as seen with interviewer-led 24-h recalls and estimated weight food diaries. Online 24-h recall systems may offer low-cost, low-burden alternatives for collecting dietary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Foster
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Clement Lee
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Poliakov
- Open Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maisie K. Rowland
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timur Osadchiy
- Open Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jennifer C. Bradley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma L. Simpson
- Open Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ashley J. Adamson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick Olivier
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Charrière N, Montani JP, Dulloo AG. Postprandial thermogenesis and respiratory quotient in response to galactose: comparison with glucose and fructose in healthy young adults. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e4. [PMID: 26855774 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that substitution of glucose or sucrose by the low-glycaemic index sugar galactose in the diet may lead to greater thermogenesis and/or fat oxidation. Using ventilated hood indirect calorimetry, we investigated, in twelve overnight-fasted adults, the resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) for 30 min before and 150 min after ingestion of 500 ml of water containing 60 g of glucose, fructose or galactose in a randomised cross-over design. REE increased similarly with all three sugars, reaching peak values after 50–60 min, but its subsequent fall towards baseline values was faster with galactose and glucose than with fructose (P < 0·001). RQ increased with all three sugars, but to a much greater extent with galactose and fructose than with glucose, particularly after 1 h post-ingestion. When ingested as a sugary drink, postprandial thermogenesis and utilisation of fat after galactose are not higher than after glucose or fructose.
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Larsson C, Ahlstrøm Ø, Junghans P, Jensen RB, Blache D, Tauson AH. The oral [(13)C]bicarbonate technique for measurement of short-term energy expenditure of sled dogs and their physiological response to diets with different fat:carbohydrate ratios. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e32. [PMID: 26495123 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral [13C]bicarbonate technique (o13CBT) was assessed for the determination of short-term energy expenditure (EE) under field conditions. A total of eight Alaskan huskies were fed two experimental diets in a cross-over experiment including two periods of 3 weeks. Effects of diets on EE, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and on plasma hormones, blood lactate and glucose were furthermore investigated. The percentages of metabolisable energy derived from protein (P), fat (F) and carbohydrates (C) were 26:58:16 in the PFC diet and 24:75:1 in the PF diet. Measurements of EE were performed in the post-absorptive state during rest. Blood samples were collected during rest and exercise and ATTD was determined after days with rest and with exercise. EE was higher (P < 0·01) in period 2 than in period 1 (68 v. 48 kJ/kg body weight0·75 per h). The ATTD of organic matter, crude protein and crude fat was higher (P < 0·01) in the PF diet compared with the PFC diet, and lower (P < 0·01) for total carbohydrates. Exercise did not affect ATTD. Higher (P < 0·01) insulin-like growth factor 1 and leptin concentrations were measured when fed the PF diet compared with the PFC diet. Concentrations of insulin decreased (P < 0·01), whereas cortisol and ghrelin increased (P < 0·05), after exercise. There was no effect of diet on blood lactate and glucose, but higher (P < 0·001) lactate concentrations were measured in period 1 than in period 2. The results suggest that the o13CBT can be used in the field to estimate short-term EE in dogs during resting conditions. Higher ATTD and energy density of the PF diet may be beneficial when energy requirements are high.
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Key Words
- 13C
- ATTD, apparent total tract digestibility
- BW, body weight
- BW0·75, metabolic body weight
- Diet
- Digestibility
- Dogs
- EE, energy expenditure
- Energy expenditure
- HR, heart rate
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- ME, metabolisable energy
- PF diet, protein–fat diet
- PFC diet, protein–fat-carbohydrate diet
- RF, fractional 13C recovery in breath CO2
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- TR, rectal temperature
- o13CBT, oral [13C]bicarbonate technique
- ppm, parts per million
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Abreu-Vieira G, Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Integration of body temperature into the analysis of energy expenditure in the mouse. Mol Metab 2015; 4:461-70. [PMID: 26042200 PMCID: PMC4443293 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We quantified the effect of environmental temperature on mouse energy homeostasis and body temperature. METHODS The effect of environmental temperature (4-33 °C) on body temperature, energy expenditure, physical activity, and food intake in various mice (chow diet, high-fat diet, Brs3 (-/y) , lipodystrophic) was measured using continuous monitoring. RESULTS Body temperature depended most on circadian phase and physical activity, but also on environmental temperature. The amounts of energy expenditure due to basal metabolic rate (calculated via a novel method), thermic effect of food, physical activity, and cold-induced thermogenesis were determined as a function of environmental temperature. The measured resting defended body temperature matched that calculated from the energy expenditure using Fourier's law of heat conduction. Mice defended a higher body temperature during physical activity. The cost of the warmer body temperature during the active phase is 4-16% of total daily energy expenditure. Parameters measured in diet-induced obese and Brs3 (-/y) mice were similar to controls. The high post-mortem heat conductance demonstrates that most insulation in mice is via physiological mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS At 22 °C, cold-induced thermogenesis is ∼120% of basal metabolic rate. The higher body temperature during physical activity is due to a higher set point, not simply increased heat generation during exercise. Most insulation in mice is via physiological mechanisms, with little from fur or fat. Our analysis suggests that the definition of the upper limit of the thermoneutral zone should be re-considered. Measuring body temperature informs interpretation of energy expenditure data and improves the predictiveness and utility of the mouse to model human energy homeostasis.
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Key Words
- BMR, basal metabolic rate
- Basal metabolic rate
- Body temperature
- CIT, cold-induced thermogenesis
- Cold-induced thermogenesis
- EE, energy expenditure
- Energy expenditure
- HFD, high-fat diet
- Heat conductance
- LCT, lower critical temperature
- PAEE, physical activity energy expenditure
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- TEE, total energy expenditure
- TEF, thermic effect of food
- Ta, environmental temperature
- Tb, core body temperature
- Thermoneutrality
- dTb, defended body temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Abreu-Vieira
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L. Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gooding MA, Atkinson JL, Duncan IJ, Niel L, Shoveller AK. Dietary fat and carbohydrate have different effects on body weight, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and behaviour in adult cats fed to energy requirement. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e2. [PMID: 26090098 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary carbohydrate and fat on feline health are not well understood. The
effects of feeding diets moderately high in fat (HF; n 10; 30 % fat, 26 %
carbohydrate as fed) or carbohydrate (HC; n 10; 11 % fat, 47 %
carbohydrate), for 84 d, were investigated in healthy, adult cats (3·5 (sd 0·5)
years). Data on indirect calorimetry, blood biomarkers, activity, play and cognition were
collected at baseline, and at intervals throughout the study. Body composition was
measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and on day 85. There were no
significant main effects of diet on body weight and composition. When data were analysed
over study day within diet, cats fed HF diets experienced a significant increase in body
fat (P = 0·001) and body weight (P = 0·043) in contrast
to cats consuming the HC diet that experienced no change in body fat or body weight
(P = 0·762) throughout the study. Overall, energy expenditure was
similar between diets (P = 0·356 (fasted), P = 0·086
(postprandial)) and respiratory quotient declined with exposure to the HF diet and
increased with exposure to the HC diet (P < 0·001; fasted and
postprandial). There was no difference in insulin sensitivity as an overall effect of diet
(P = 0·266). Activity declined from baseline with exposure to both
diets (HC: P = 0·002; HF: P = 0·01) but was not
different between diets (P = 0·247). There was no effect of diet on play
(P = 0·387) and cats consuming either the HF or HC diet did not
successfully learn the cognitive test. Overall, cats adapt to dietary macronutrient
content, and the implications of feeding HC and HF diets on risk for adiposity as driven
by metabolic and behavioural mechanisms are discussed.
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Key Words
- Activity
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BW, body weight
- Cognition
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- EE, energy expenditure
- Energy expenditure
- G:I, glucose:insulin
- HC, high carbohydrate
- HF, high fat
- Indirect calorimetry
- Insulin
- LBM, lean body mass
- ME, metabolisable energy
- Macronutrients
- Play
- RQ, respiratory quotient
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Walter I, Klaus S. Maternal high-fat diet consumption impairs exercise performance in offspring. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e61. [PMID: 26101629 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to scrutinise the influence of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption during gestation and lactation on exercise performance and energy metabolism in male mouse offspring. Female C3H/HeJ mice were fed either a semi-synthetic high-fat diet (HFD; 40 % energy from fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD; 10 % energy from fat) throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, male offspring of both groups received the LFD. At the age of 7·5 weeks half of the maternal LFD (n 20) and the mHFD (n 21) groups were given access to a running wheel for 28 d as a voluntary exercise training opportunity. We show that mHFD consumption led to a significantly reduced exercise performance (P < 0·05) and training efficiency (P < 0·05) in male offspring. There were no effects of maternal diet on offspring body weight. Lipid and glucose metabolism was disturbed in mHFD offspring, with altered regulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) (P < 0·001), fatty acid synthase (P < 0·05) and GLUT1 (P < 0·05) gene expression in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, maternal consumption of a HFD is linked to decreased exercise performance and training efficiency in the offspring. We speculate that this may be due to insufficient muscle energy supply during prolonged exercise training. Further, this compromised exercise performance might increase the risk of obesity development in adult life.
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Key Words
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- Cpt1b, carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1b
- Esrrg, oestrogen-related receptor-γ
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- HFD, high-fat diet
- High-fat diet
- LFD, low-fat diet
- Offspring
- REE, resting energy expenditure
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- RW, running wheel
- Serca2, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase 2
- Skeletal muscle
- Training
- eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue
- mHFD, maternal high-fat diet
- mLFD, maternal low-fat diet
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Kennedy S, Ryan L, Fraser A, Clegg ME. Comparison of the GEM and the ECAL indirect calorimeters against the Deltatrac for measures of RMR and diet-induced thermogenesis. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e52. [PMID: 26101620 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Deltatrac™ II Metabolic Monitor (Datex-Ohmeda Inc.) is considered the standard reference machine in indirect calorimetry; however, it is no longer commercially available thus there is a need for new machines. The gas exchange measurement (GEM; GEM Nutrition Ltd) and the ECAL (Health Professional Solutions) are alternative measuring systems. The aim of this study was to compare the ECAL and GEM with Deltatrac for measures of RMR and the GEM to the Deltatrac for measures of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Twenty healthy participants were tested on test day 1 (T1) and test day 2 (T2). RMR was measured in a randomised order for 30 min on the Deltatrac, the GEM and the ECAL. Following this, a 1553 kJ meal was consumed and DIT was measured on the Deltatrac and the GEM in alternating 15 min intervals for 4 h. The GEM reported consistently higher values than the Deltatrac for VO2, VCO2, RMR and fat oxidation (P < 0·005). The ECAL was significantly higher than the Deltatrac for measures of VO2, RMR, carbohydrate oxidation (T2) and respiratory quotient and fat oxidation (T1, T2) (P < 0·05). There were no significant differences within repeated RMR measures on the ECAL, the GEM or the Deltatrac. DIT measures were consistently higher on the GEM (T1) (P < 0·005); however, there were no significant differences between repeated measures. The findings suggest that while the GEM and the ECAL were not accurate alternatives to the Deltatrac, they may be reliable for repeated measures.
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McKnight LL, Flickinger EA, France J, Davenport GM, Shoveller AK. Mannoheptulose has differential effects on fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in adult Beagle dogs fed diets of different macronutrient contents. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e17. [PMID: 25191609 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of mannoheptulose (MH) (8 mg/kg) on
energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ) and glycaemic response in healthy adult
Beagle dogs (n 8; 9·62 (sem 0·31) kg; body condition score 4·5).
The study was designed as replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment
structure. The dietary treatments were low carbohydrate (CHO) relative to fat diet (LC; 31
% CHO, 28 % fat) with placebo (0 mg/kg) or MH supplement and high CHO relative to fat diet
(HC; 54 % CHO, 11 % fat) with placebo (0 mg/kg) or MH supplement. Dogs were fed to
maintain body weight (HC and HC+MH 3625 (sem 295) kJ and LC and
LC+MH 3542 (sem 284) kJ). Resting and postprandial (0–4 h; 5–10 h;
11–17 h; 18–23 h) EE and RQ were determined by indirect calorimetry (days 12 or 14).
Glycaemic response to a meal (24 h) and plasma MH concentrations were determined on days
12 or 14. Plasma MH followed first-order kinetics, confirming that MH is absorbed and
available to the animal. In the presence of high dietary CHO, MH increased postprandial EE
(5–10 h only), suggesting MH increased dietary induced thermogenesis. In contrast to
earlier reports, MH did not affect serum glucose or insulin in the present study.
Irrespective of MH, dogs adapted RQ to diet composition and dogs consuming the LC diet had
a greater incremental AUC for glucose, but not insulin, than dogs consuming the HC
diet.
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Key Words
- Beagles
- CHO, carbohydrate
- EE, energy expenditure
- ER, energy restriction
- Energy expenditure
- HC, high-carbohydrate (low-fat) diet with mannoheptulose (8 mg/kg)-containing supplement
- HC, high-carbohydrate (low-fat) diet with placebo supplement
- LC, low-carbohydrate (high-fat) diet with mannoheptulose (8 mg/kg)-containing supplement
- LC, low-carbohydrate (high-fat) diet with placebo supplement
- MH, mannoheptulose
- Mannoheptulose
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- Respiratory quotient
- TEF, thermic effect of food
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Picard A, Rouch C, Kassis N, Moullé VS, Croizier S, Denis RG, Castel J, Coant N, Davis K, Clegg DJ, Benoit SC, Prévot V, Bouret S, Luquet S, Le Stunff H, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C. Hippocampal lipoprotein lipase regulates energy balance in rodents. Mol Metab 2013; 3:167-76. [PMID: 24634821 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain lipid sensing is necessary to regulate energy balance. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) may play a role in this process. We tested if hippocampal LPL regulated energy homeostasis in rodents by specifically attenuating LPL activity in the hippocampus of rats and mice, either by infusing a pharmacological inhibitor (tyloxapol), or using a genetic approach (adeno-associated virus expressing Cre-GFP injected into Lpl (lox/lox) mice). Decreased LPL activity by either method led to increased body weight gain due to decreased locomotor activity and energy expenditure, concomitant with increased parasympathetic tone (unchanged food intake). Decreased LPL activity in both models was associated with increased de novo ceramide synthesis and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, while intrahippocampal infusion of de novo ceramide synthesis inhibitor myriocin completely prevented body weight gain. We conclude that hippocampal lipid sensing might represent a core mechanism for energy homeostasis regulation through de novo ceramide synthesis.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ANS, autonomic nervous system
- CERS, ceramide synthase
- CNS, central nervous system
- Ceramides
- Energy expenditure
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- Lipid sensing
- Obesity
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- SMPD1, acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1
- SPHK1, sphingosine kinase 1
- SPT, serine palmitoyltransferase
- TG, triglycerides
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Picard
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Claude Rouch
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-CNRS EAC 4413, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-CNRS EAC 4413, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Valentine S Moullé
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sophie Croizier
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, INSERM U837, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël G Denis
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, INSERM U837, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-CNRS EAC 4413, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen C Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, INSERM U837, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Bouret
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, INSERM U837, 59045 Lille Cedex, France ; The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-CNRS EAC 4413, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, EAC 4413 CNRS, Case courrier 7126, 4, rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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