Perceptions of bias in HIV prevention services, happiness with social support, and anticipated PrEP stigma among Black and Latine/x sexual and gender diverse individuals

Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective preventive treatment for HIV, anticipated PrEP stigma can hinder uptake. Perceptions of bias in HIV prevention and evaluations (e.g., happiness) tied to social support among Black and Latine/x sexual and gender diverse (SGD) individuals could be important correlates of anticipated PrEP stigma. To further this line of inquiry, a national sample of 872 Black and Latine/x SGD individuals who had and had never taken PrEP (Mage = 25.1, SD = 2.8) reported how they perceived HIV prevention and how happy they were with their social support. Multivariable linear regressions revealed that greater perceptions of bias in HIV prevention services were associated with higher anticipated PrEP stigma among Black and Latine/x SGD individuals who have never taken PrEP. Greater happiness with friend support was associated with lower PrEP stigma, whereas greater happiness with family support was associated with higher PrEP stigma among individuals who have taken PrEP. Findings highlight the need for PrEP and HIV interventions to address the intersectional stigma attached to prevention and for researchers to understand how evaluations of social support may contribute to stigma among Black and Latine/x SGD individuals.

Towards liveable cities: A review of ethnicity, public urban nature space and wellbeing

In this review, we synthesise the results of studies that examine how the relationships between public urban nature spaces and wellbeing vary by ethnicity in cities of the Global North. We searched for articles that reported on the relationships between public urban nature spaces, ethnicity and wellbeing. We found 65 articles that met our inclusion criteria. From our review, we found positive and negative relationships between public urban nature spaces, ethnicity and wellbeing in four interrelated domains: integration/relationship building, therapy, safety and capabilities/competency building. The findings of this review inform park management by offering twelve wellbeing pathways to design urban nature spaces that are more inclusive to all residents.

Does competition and foreign investment spur industrial efficiency?: firm-level evidence from Indonesia

This study examines the effects of market competition and foreign direct investment on the technical efficiency of firms within the Indonesian manufacturing sector using a Stochastic Frontier Analysis. We employ a firm-level panel dataset for the period of 2010-2014, covering 400 subsectors, and employing two measures of industrial concentration as proxies for market competition. The results suggest that firms operating in less competitive sectors in Indonesia experience higher technical efficiency. Additionally, foreign ownership, international activity (export-import), and firm size are positively related to technical efficiency. Such findings suggest that the efficient structure hypothesis (ESH) applies in Indonesia, as more efficient firms gain in market share as a result from dynamic competition. Foreign direct investment (FDI) via horizontal spillovers has contributed to an increase in intra industry firms' efficiency. Nevertheless, as industrial concentration increases, the positive effects in firm efficiency from FDI and from international trade (imports and export) tend to decrease.