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Onwuakagba IU, Okoye EC, Kanu FC, Kalu CM, Akosile CO. Comparison of performances of SIREN or MFSRS in stroke risk prediction in an African environment. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:368. [PMID: 38311723 PMCID: PMC10840284 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Modified Framingham Stroke Risk Score (MFSRS) is a widely utilized stroke risk assessment algorithm usually applied in international comparison. The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is the only known African-specific stroke risk assessment algorithm. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare stroke risk estimates from the SIREN and the MFSRS in an African community. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional survey involving consecutively recruited 310 consenting adult residents (mean age = 37.21 ± 15.84 years) of a Nigerian community. Risk factors of stroke were assessed among the participants and were utilized in calculating stroke risk estimates on the MFSRS and the SIREN. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman-rank order correlation test at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS The percentage stroke risk scores estimated by the SIREN and the MFSRS were 34.5% and 6.79% respectively. The most prevalent risk factors among the participants were hypertriglyceridemia (100.0%), raised waist-hip ratio (50.6%), hypercholesterolemia (45.5), physical inactivity (43.2%), psychological stress (41.3%), and hypertension (37.7%). Only two (hypertriglyceridemia and high blood pressure) out of the six factors considered in the MFSRS were rated among the first 10 most impactful risks by the SIREN. There was a weak correlation between the total scores on the MFSRS and the SIREN (rho = 0.39; p < 0.01) suggesting that the two ratings were discordant. CONCLUSION There were disagreements between the risk estimates on the SIREN and MFSRS with SIREN having a higher estimate that corresponded with the literature; this may be suggesting a poorer estimation of stroke risks by the MFSRS in an African environment. There is a need for large African-based quality control studies to determine and address these lapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Uchenna Onwuakagba
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Chiebuka Okoye
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
| | - Favour Chidera Kanu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka Michael Kalu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Olusanjo Akosile
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Howells A, Aquino EN, Bose D, Kelly MG, Molony-Oates B, Syed AH, Tolley K, Neill C, Hopkins S, Hall V, Islam J. Demonstrating the learning and impact of embedding participant involvement in a pandemic research study: the experience of the SARS-CoV-2 immunity & reinfection evaluation ( SIREN) study UK, 2020-2023. Res Involv Engagem 2023; 9:97. [PMID: 37853422 PMCID: PMC10585763 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participant involvement in research studies is not a new concept, yet barriers to implementation remain and application varies. This is particularly true for pandemic response research studies, where timeframes are condensed, pressure is high and the value and inclusion of participant involvement can be overlooked. The SIREN Participant Involvement Panel (PIP) provides a case study for participant involvement in pandemic research, working in partnership with people who the research is for and about. METHODS SIREN and the British Society for Immunology (BSI) recruited and ran two phases of the PIP, involving 15 members in total over a 16-month period. Phase 1 ran between January and August 2022 and Phase 2 between October 2022 and March 2023. Activity figures including recruitment interest and PIP meeting attendance were recorded. To evaluate how the PIP has influenced SIREN, feedback was collected from (a) researchers presenting at the PIP and (b) PIP members themselves. Evaluation at the end of Phase 1 informed our approach to Phase 2. Thematic grouping was planned to identify key lessons learned. RESULTS Applications increased from n = 30 to n = 485 between Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the PIP, a more than 15-fold increase. The SIREN PIP positively impacted the design, implementation and evaluation phases of the study and sub-studies. Feedback from PIP members themselves was positive, with members highlighting that they found the role rewarding and felt valued. Learnings from the PIP have been condensed into five key themes for applying to future pandemic response research studies: the importance of dedicated resources; recruiting the right panel; understanding motivations for participant involvement; providing flexible options for involvement and enabling the early involvement of participants. CONCLUSIONS The SIREN PIP has demonstrated the value of actively involving people who research is for and about. The PIP has provided an active feedback mechanism for research and demonstrated a positive influence on both SIREN study researchers and PIP members themselves. This paper makes the case for participant involvement in future pandemic research studies. Future work should include improved training for researchers and we would support the development of a national PIP forum as part of future pandemic research preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Howells
- UK Health Security Agency, Nobel House, London, SW1P 3HX, UK
| | | | - Deepika Bose
- Medical Offices, Stratheden Hospital, Cupar, KY15 5RR, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kim Tolley
- The Health and Care Professions Council, Park House, 184-186 Kennington Park Road, London, SE11 4BU, UK
| | - Claire Neill
- UK Health Security Agency, Nobel House, London, SW1P 3HX, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- UK Health Security Agency, Nobel House, London, SW1P 3HX, UK
| | - Victoria Hall
- UK Health Security Agency, Nobel House, London, SW1P 3HX, UK
| | - Jasmin Islam
- UK Health Security Agency, Nobel House, London, SW1P 3HX, UK.
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Adebayo O, Akpa O, Asowata OJ, Fakunle A, Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Wahab K, Obiako R, Komolafe M, Owolabi L, Osaigbovo GO, Okekunle AP, Sunmonu T, Tiwari HK, Jenkins C, Arulogun O, Appiah L, Akinyemi J, Adeoye AM, Ogbole G, Yaria J, Arnett D, Adebayo P, Calys-Tagoe B, Ogah OS, Balogun O, Ogunjimi L, Mensah Y, Agbogu-Ike OU, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi MO. Determinants of First-Ever Stroke Severity in West Africans: Evidence From the SIREN Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e027888. [PMID: 37301737 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Baseline stroke severity is probably partly responsible for poor stroke outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a paucity of information on determinants of stroke severity among indigenous Africans. We sought to identify the factors associated with stroke severity among West Africans in the SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Networks) study. Methods and Results Stroke was diagnosed clinically and confirmed with brain neuroimaging. Severe stroke was defined as a Stroke Levity Scale score of ≤5. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with stroke severity at 95% CI and a nominal cutoff of 5% type 1 error. A total of 3660 stroke cases were included. Overall, 50.7%% had severe stroke, including 47.6% of all ischemic strokes and 56.1% of intracerebral hemorrhage. Factors independently associated with severe stroke were meat consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.97 [95% CI, 1.43-2.73]), low vegetable consumption (aOR, 2.45 [95% CI, 1.93-3.12]), and lesion volume, with an aOR of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.03-2.72) for lesion volume of 10 to 30 cm3 and aOR of 3.88 (95% CI, 1.93-7.81) for lesion volume >30 cm3. Severe ischemic stroke was independently associated with total anterior circulation infarction (aOR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.5-6.9]), posterior circulation infarction (aOR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1-4.2]), and partial anterior circulation infarction (aOR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2-3.3]) compared with lacunar stroke. Increasing age (aOR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.3-5.2]) and lesion volume >30 cm3 (aOR, 6.2 [95% CI, 2.0-19.3]) were independently associated with severe intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions Severe stroke is common among indigenous West Africans, where modifiable dietary factors are independently associated with it. These factors could be targeted to reduce the burden of severe stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onoja Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Osahon J Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Adekunle Fakunle
- Department of Public Health Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Department of Medicine Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- Department of Medicine University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Reginald Obiako
- Department of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife Nigeria
| | - Lukman Owolabi
- Department of Medicine Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria
| | | | | | - Taofiki Sunmonu
- Department of Medicine Federal Medical Centre Ondo State Owo Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Lambert Appiah
- Department of Medicine Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Joshua Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Abiodun M Adeoye
- Department of Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Joseph Yaria
- Department of Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Donna Arnett
- College of Public Health University of Kentucky KY Lexington USA
| | - Philip Adebayo
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital Oyo State Ogbomoso Nigeria
- Aga-Khan University Dar es Salaam Tanzania
| | | | - Okechukwu S Ogah
- Department of Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Olayemi Balogun
- Department of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | - Luqman Ogunjimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Olabisi Onabanjo University Abeokuta Nigeria
| | - Yaw Mensah
- Department of Medicine Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | | | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Mayowa O Owolabi
- Department of Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
- Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon
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Akpa OM, Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Chikowore T, Mohamed SF, Sarfo F, Akinyemi R, Akpalu A, Wahab K, Obiako R, Komolafe M, Owolabi L, Osaigbovo GO, Ogbole G, Tiwari HK, Akinyemi J, Fakunle A, Uvere E, Adeoye AM, Lackland D, Arnett DK, Ovbiagele B, Ramsay M, Owolabi M. Frequent vegetable consumption is inversely associated with hypertension among indigenous Africans. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2359-2371. [PMID: 36098047 PMCID: PMC9977189 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence remains poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the association of vegetable consumption with odds of hypertension among indigenous Africans. METHODS AND RESULTS We harmonized data on prior vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence (defined as one of the following conditions; systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or previous diagnosis or use of antihypertensive medications) from 16 445 participants across five African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Burkina Faso) in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network and Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic studies. Vegetable consumption (in servings/week) was classified as 'low' (<6). 'moderate' (6-11), 'sufficient' (12-29), and 'high' (≥30). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension were estimated by categories of vegetable consumption (using 'low' consumption as reference), adjusting for sex, age in years, family history of cardiovascular diseases, education, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia using logistic regressions at P < 0.05. The mean age of participants was 53.0 ( ± 10.7) years, and 7552 (45.9%) were males, whereas 7070 (42.9%) had hypertension. In addition, 6672(40.6%) participants had 'low' vegetable consumption, and 1758(10.7%) had 'high' vegetable consumption. Multivariable-adjusted OR for hypertension by distribution of vegetable consumption (using 'low' consumption as reference) were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.12) for 'moderate' consumption; 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) for 'sufficient', and 0.81 (0.72, 0.92) for 'high' consumption, P-for-trend <0.0001. CONCLUSION Indigenous Africans who consumed at least 12 servings of vegetables per week were less likely to be found hypertensive, particularly among males and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Korea
| | - Osahon Jeffery Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Shukri F. Mohamed
- Health and Well-Being Program, African Population and Health Research Center, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fred Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 00000, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box LG 1181, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Reginald Obiako
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, 810107, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, 700233, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Godwin O. Osaigbovo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, 930241, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233 AL, USA
| | - Joshua Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 210001, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ezinne Uvere
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun M. Adeoye
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Lackland
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425 SC, USA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536 KY, USA
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San-Francisco, San-Francisco, 94143 CA, USA
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Fakunle AG, Akpa OM, Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Wahab K, Obiako R, Komolafe M, Owolabi L, Osaigbovo GO, Tiwari HK, Akinyemi J, Jenkins C, Arulogun O, Ibinaiye P, Appiah L, Agunloye AM, Adeoye AM, Yaria J, Calys-Tagoe B, Uvere EO, Ogbole G, Agyekum F, Sanni TA, Amusa GA, Ogunronbi M, Olowookere S, Balogun O, Ogunmodede JA, Olalusi OV, Samuel D, Mande A, Rabiu M, Adebayo P, Sunday A, Imoh LC, Oguntade AS, Ajose A, Singh A, Adeegbe OT, Mensah Y, Fawale MB, Abdul S, Ikubor J, Tolulope A, Yahaya IS, Akisanya C, Odo CJ, Efidi R, Chukwuonye II, Shidali V, Adebowale A, Ohagwu KA, Adeleye OO, Iheonye H, Akintunde A, Olabinri E, Akpalu J, Adesina J, Onyeonoro U, Onasanya A, Arnett DK, Lackland D, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M. Secondhand smoke exposure is independently associated with stroke among non-smoking adults in West Africa. J Neurol Sci 2022; 443:120489. [PMID: 36399928 PMCID: PMC9712270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, but little is known about the contribution of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) to stroke epidemiology among indigenous Africans. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of SHSE with stroke among indigenous Africans. METHODS We analyzed the relationship of SHSE with stroke among 2990 case-control pairs of adults who had never smoked (identified in the SIREN study) using conditional logistic regression at a two-sided P < 0.05. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval; 1.25 (1.04, 1.50; P = 0.02) revealed SHSE was positively associated with stroke independent of stroke subtypes. CONCLUSION Culturally relevant primary prevention strategies targeted at SHSE might be promising in preventing stroke among Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Adekunle G Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Reginald Obiako
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Lukman Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Joshua Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Oyedunni Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Philip Ibinaiye
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Lambert Appiah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Abiodun M Adeoye
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Yaria
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Francis Agyekum
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Olayemi Balogun
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Diala Samuel
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Mande
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Musbahu Rabiu
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeniyi Sunday
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayodipupo S Oguntade
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Big Data Institute, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Abiodun Ajose
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arti Singh
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Yaw Mensah
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Joyce Ikubor
- Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
| | | | - Isah S Yahaya
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Chidi J Odo
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Richard Efidi
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henry Iheonye
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja, Nigeria
| | - Adeseye Akintunde
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology/Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
| | | | - Josephine Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Lackland
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Ranno N, Si D. Neural representations of cryo-EM maps and a graph-based interpretation. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:397. [PMID: 36171544 PMCID: PMC9517980 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in imagery at atomic and near-atomic resolution, such as cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), have led to an influx of high resolution images of proteins and other macromolecular structures to data banks worldwide. Producing a protein structure from the discrete voxel grid data of cryo-EM maps involves interpolation into the continuous spatial domain. We present a novel data format called the neural cryo-EM map, which is formed from a set of neural networks that accurately parameterize cryo-EM maps and provide native, spatially continuous data for density and gradient. As a case study of this data format, we create graph-based interpretations of high resolution experimental cryo-EM maps. Results Normalized cryo-EM map values interpolated using the non-linear neural cryo-EM format are more accurate, consistently scoring less than 0.01 mean absolute error, than a conventional tri-linear interpolation, which scores up to 0.12 mean absolute error. Our graph-based interpretations of 115 experimental cryo-EM maps from 1.15 to 4.0 Å resolution provide high coverage of the underlying amino acid residue locations, while accuracy of nodes is correlated with resolution. The nodes of graphs created from atomic resolution maps (higher than 1.6 Å) provide greater than 99% residue coverage as well as 85% full atomic coverage with a mean of 0.19 Å root mean squared deviation. Other graphs have a mean 84% residue coverage with less specificity of the nodes due to experimental noise and differences of density context at lower resolutions. Conclusions The fully continuous and differentiable nature of the neural cryo-EM map enables the adaptation of the voxel data to alternative data formats, such as a graph that characterizes the atomic locations of the underlying protein or macromolecular structure. Graphs created from atomic resolution maps are superior in finding atom locations and may serve as input to predictive residue classification and structure segmentation methods. This work may be generalized to transform any 3D grid-based data format into non-linear, continuous, and differentiable format for downstream geometric deep learning applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04942-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ranno
- Department of Computing and Software Systems, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Dong Si
- Department of Computing and Software Systems, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA.
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Li J, Ogbole G, Aribisala B, Affini M, Yaria J, Kehinde I, Rahman M, Adekunle F, Banjo R, Faniyan M, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M, Sammet S. Association between white matter hyperintensities and stroke in a West African patient population: Evidence from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116789. [PMID: 32276063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is part of the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN), the largest study of stroke patients in Africa to date, with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data for each patient to confirm stroke. Prior imaging studies performed using high-field MR (≥1.5T) have shown that white matter hyperintensities (WMH), signs of microangiopathy in the subcortical brain, are correlated with many stroke risk factors as well as poor stroke outcomes. The aim of this study was the evaluation of MR images (0.3T-1.5T) from the SIREN study to determine associations between WMH volumes in West African patients and both stroke outcomes and stroke risk factors identified in the SIREN study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR images of 130 Western African stroke patients (age = 57.87 ± 14.22) were processed through Lesion Segmentation Toolbox of the Statistical Parametric Mapping software to extract all areas of hyperintensity in the brain. WMH was separated from stroke lesion hyperintensity and WMH volume was computed and summed. A stepwise linear regression and multivariate analysis was performed between patients' WMH volume and sociodemographic and clinical indices. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that high WMH volume was statistically significantly positively correlated with age (β = 0.44, p = 0.001), waist/hip ratio (β = 0.22, p = 0.03), and platelet count (β = 0.19, p = 0.04) after controlling for head size in a Western African stroke population. CONCLUSION Associations between WMH and age and waist/hip ratio previously identified in Western countries were demonstrated for the first time in a resource-limited, homogeneous black African community using low-field MR scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Li
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Joseph Yaria
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Issa Kehinde
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mukaila Rahman
- Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Rasaq Banjo
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Rufus Akinyemi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Steffen Sammet
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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