Sinonasal Angiomatous Polyp: A Case Report

The sinonasal angiomatous polyp is an uncommon kind of sinonasal polyp that presents as solitary painless growth with aggressive bone erosion, and bleeding similar to cancerous lesions. Computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging are valuable for its evaluation. Management involves endoscopic surgical excision with sinus drainage restoration. Histopathologically, large dilated blood vessels resembling capillaries can be found.

To Study the Efficacy of Coblation in the Endoscopic Surgery of Sinonasal and Skull Base Masses

Objective

To study the efficacy of coblation in the endoscopic surgery of sinonasal and skull base masses.

Study Design

Prospective Interventional Study.

Method

100 patients with signs and symptoms of nasal obstruction were enrolled for 14 months. On the basis of diagnosis they underwent endoscopic sinus surgery using coblator and their intra-operative blood loss, operation time, post-operative pain threshold using VAS(Visual analogue scale) were enlisted.

Result

80% had Sinonasal polyp followed by Inverted papilloma in 8%, Angiofibroma in 5%, Hemangioma in 3%, Esthesioneuroblastoma in 2% and Rhinosporidiosis in 2%. The Minimum blood loss was 50 ml and Maximum was 600 ml. 30% patients had no pain, 60% had Mild pain and 10% had Moderate pain post procedure. Mean Operation time was 112.86 min.

Conclusion

Coblation has proven to have reduced operation time, blood loss and faster wound healing. It has now established itself as an essential tool for advance tumours in nasal surgeries.

Angiomatous Nasal Polyp: The Great Emulator-A Case Report

Angiomatous nasal polyps are rare, benign and non-neoplastic lesions rarely reported in literature. Clinically and radiologically it mimics sinonasal neoplasm. In 5% of inflammatory or allergic sinonasal polyps, extensive vascularisation and ectasia with pseudoamyloid deposition is noted. Pathognomic features of ANP are angiogenesis, accumulation of amorphous eosinophilic substance and atypical stromal cells. In this case report we elaborate probable etiology, clinical features, histopathology (HPE) and radiological findings in a unique case of ANP which mimicked sinonasal mass. Patient presented with U/L nasal obstruction and recurrent episodes of epistaxis. He was operated for similar complaints 8 years ago, details of which were not available with the patient. Patient was recently diagnosed with Hypertension (HTN) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). On Diagnostic Nasal endoscopy and Radiological imaging, the nasal mass appeared to be a sinonasal vascular lesion. Revision Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was done and on HPE, ANP was reported. Thus, we conclude that ANPs are rare pathological entity and can cause a significant diagnostic dilemma. Thorough knowledge about the clinical presentation and histopathological features is important in establishing an early definitive diagnosis. Also we have made an attempt to establish the possible role of DM and HTN in pathophysiology of ANP.

ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA MISINTERPRETED AS ANTROCHOANAL POLYP: A RARE PRESENTATION

Adenoid cystic Carcnoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant tumour accounting for <1% of all oral and maxillofacial tumors. However, in the sinonasal tract, ACC is the most common salivary gland tumor. The sinonasal ACC is asymptomatic initially or causes non-specific symptoms that are similar to those caused by inflammatory sinus disease and local neurological symptoms such as trigeminal neuralgia in advance stage due to perineural invasion by the tumour.We present a case of 35-year-old female who presented with complaints of nasal obstruction and headache. CT scans revealed an antrochoanal polyp without any bony involvement. The histopathological examination revealed unremarkable respiratory epithelium with underlying sheets and acini of small hyperchromatic cells with hyaline-like material in the lumina, confirming adenoid cystic carcinoma. The highlight of this case is that sinonasal polyps are not always inflammatory in origin, these can be neoplastic also.

Significance of Blood Eosinophil Count in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis

INTRODUCTION

Chronic Rhino Sinusitis (CRS) is one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses across the globe, affecting persons of all ages. It is an inflammatory process that involves the paranasal sinuses with symptoms lasting longer than 12 weeks.

AIM

To establish the significance of blood eosinophil (count) levels in CRS with nasal polyps and to compare blood eosinophil count with eosinophil count in the histopathology specimens of the polyps.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was a retrospective study done to review the medical records of 63 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS with Nasal polyps. The patients were divided into two groups, 1 and 2 based on the number of patients suffering from non eosinophilic rhino sinusitis (Group 1) and those from eosinophlic rhino sinusitis (Group 2). The clinical examination findings, nasal endoscopy observations and MDCT-Paranasal sinuses were notified. Also, the mean Eosinophil Count (EC), Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC), and Histopathology Eosinophil Count (HPE) was compared between two groups. This was aided by CT Scan Lund Mackay Scores (LMS).

RESULTS

Among the patients from Group 1, the male to female ratio was found to be 1.14:1 with 53.3% males and in Group 2 the same were noted as 1.75:1 and 63.6% respectively and found a male preponderance. With regard to symptomatology, significantly higher number of patients in the Group 2 suffered from nasal block (97% vs. 46.7%; p<0.001), nasal obstruction (90.9% vs. 46.7%; p<0.001), nasal discharge (81.8% vs. 56.7%; p=0.030), hyposmia (97% vs. 30%; p<0.001) and asthma (69.7% vs. 3.3%; p<0.001). However, facial pain (66.7% vs. 81.8%; p=0.168) and para nasal sinus tenderness (53.3% vs. 54.6%; p=0.923) were comparable in Groups 1 and 2. Mean EC, AEC and HPE were significantly high in Group 2 compared to Group 1.

CONCLUSION

The study demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between tissue and blood eosinophil counts with increased severity of symptoms in patients with Eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps in the Indian population.

The role of platelet-derived growth factor in the pathogenesis of sinonasal polyps: immunohistochemical assessment in epithelial, subepithelial and deep layers of the mucosa

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the pathogenesis of sinonasal polyps.

METHODS

Study group (groups 1-3) consisted of nasal polyp samples of patients with sinonasal polyps and the control group consisted of inferior turbinate samples of patients without nasal polyp. In group 1, 14 specimens from ethmoid sinus; in group 2, 10 specimens from nasal cavity; in group 3, 10 specimens from maxillary sinus; and in group 4 (control), 9 specimens from inferior turbinate were included. By immunohistochemical staining technique, the PDGF positivity index (PI) in mucosal layers and in the inflammatory cells were assessed at the epithelium (EP), subepithelial layer of lamina propria (SE), and deep paraglandular layer of the mucosa (D).

RESULTS

Polymorphonuclear cell (PMNC)-percentage (%) values of ethmoid and maxillary sinus, and the PDGF PI from all cells of ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity were significantly higher than those of the control group. As mononuclear cell-% (MNC-%) increased, the PDGF_EP_basal PI, PDGF_SE_endothelial PI, and PDGF_D_endothelial PI decreased. As PMNC-PDGF PI increased, the PDGF_D_perivascular PI decreased and PDGF_D_endothelial PI increased. As PDGF-MNC PI increased, the PDGF_EP_apical PI, PDGF_SE_endothelial PI, and PDGF_D_endothelial PI decreased. As PDGF-all cells (PMNCs, MNCs, and fibroblasts) PI increased, the PDGF_EP_basal PI and PDGF_D_endothelial PI decreased, and the PDGF_D_perivascular PI increased.

CONCLUSION

We concluded that the PDGF systems play important roles in polyp pathogenesis. Fibroblast-derived PDGF may be more important than MNC-derived PDGF in polyp developing process. Increased perivascular-PDGF-PI in deep layers of the mucosa may result in sinonasal polyp formation by causing an increase in vascular permeability and extracellular edema, and thus promoting migration of inflammatory cells to extracellular area. Tissue oxygenization may be important for the initiation of PDGF release system. Because of this reason, nasal obstruction should be medically treated earlier, and, if necessary, by surgical approaches.

Role of F.E.S.S. in chronic sinusitis

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a new and exciting treatment for chronic sinus disease. A prospective study of 50 patients undergoing FESS was undertaken at the department of Otolaryngology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana. Parameters studied included patient symptoms, medical history, medical therapy, radiologic findings, complications and postoperative symptoms. 62% of our patients had sinonasal polypi (ethmoidal polypi 56%, antrochoanal polypi 6%) while 38% had chronic sinusitis. Osteomeatal complex involvement (88%) was the most common preoperative CT scan findings. All the cases were subsequently suhjected to functional endoscopic sinus surgery, studied for post-operative complications and 82% of the patients achieved improvement in preoperative symptoms. It was concluded that FESS is a highly successful treatment for chronic sinus disease.