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Mo C, Tang Y, Chen J, Cui L, Xie H, Qin B, Cai J, Li Z. Characteristics of the Complete Genome of Ageratum Yellow Vein China Virus Infecting Sonchus oleraceus. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2944-2948. [PMID: 37125842 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2688-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sonchus (Sonchus oleraceus) originated from Europe and is now cultivated worldwide. The wild resources of sonchus are very abundant, and it has rich nutritional and medicinal value. In this study, 15 sonchus samples with typical symptoms showing leaf curling, vein thickening, and enations were collected from Guigang and Baise City of Guangxi, China. Diseased sonchus were identified by PCR detection, whole genome sequence amplification, and phylogenetic and recombination analysis. The results showed that all the samples were confirmed infected by begomoviruses, and three full-length viral genomes were obtained from 15 sonchus, named GG7-13, GG8-6, and BS63-5. The full genome lengths were 2,584, 2,735, and 2,746 nt, respectively. The nucleotide identities among the three isolates ranged from 92.67 to 99.93%. All of them shared the highest identities (greater than 91.69%) with other isolates of ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) (available on GenBank). According to the guidelines of classification of begomoviruses, the virus isolates obtained in this study are different isolates of AYVCNV; a phylogenetic tree analysis showed that these isolates formed a large branch with three other Guangxi isolates of AYVCNV, indicating their close evolution. The genome structures of GG8-6 and BS63-5 are consistent with the monopartite genome virus of the begomoviruses, and both have six open reading frames (ORFs), while GG7-13 has a 151-nt deletion between C2 and C3, resulting in a mutant strain of only five ORFs. This study is the first report on S. oleraceus infected by ageratum yellow vein China virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Mo
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Yafei Tang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jinqing Chen
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Lixian Cui
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Huiting Xie
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Bixia Qin
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Jianhe Cai
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Zhanbiao Li
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
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Salim NS, Abdel-Alim M, Said HEM, Foda MF. Phenolic Profiles, Antihyperglycemic, Anti-Diabetic, and Antioxidant Properties of Egyptian Sonchus oleraceus Leaves Extract: An In Vivo Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6389. [PMID: 37687218 PMCID: PMC10489745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the phenolic and antioxidant properties of Egyptian Sonchus oleraceus leaves extract (SOE) while comparing the antihyperglycemic efficacy of SOE with that of conventional medicines (glibenclamide) in vivo as a substitution for insulin-deficient patients. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) in SOE contributed around 127.66 ± 0.56 mg GAE/gm as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 74.80 ± 0.55 mg QE/gm as quercetin equivalent (QE). SOE also showed significant DPPH scavenging activity at 43.46%. The presence of five phenolic and six flavonoid compounds in SOE was discovered by HPLC analysis. For the in vivo assay, 42 rats were distributed into six groups (7 Wister albino rats each). The standard control group was fed a basal diet. While the 35 rats were induced with a single dose of 100 mg kg-1 body weight (b.w.) alloxan, then treated orally with glibenclamide (GLI) at 10 mg kg-1, 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1 SOE (positive control group) for 56 days of routine gastric oral gavages and compared to the effects of GLI, the treatment of SOE 200 and 300 mg kg-1 in diabetic rats for two months dramatically decreased blood glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) while boosting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels and improving liver and kidney functions. The histological assay revealed that the SOE 300 mg kg-1 treatment significantly improved the pancreas tissues, implying the potential application of Egyptian SOE as a diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrein S. Salim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt; (N.S.S.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Alim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt; (N.S.S.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Huda E. M. Said
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. Foda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt; (N.S.S.); (M.A.-A.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Lei M, Wang Q, Liu B, Che Y. Two new sesquiterpenes from Sonchus oleraceus and inhibitory mechanism on murine haemangioendothelioma (EOMA) cell lines. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2814-2820. [PMID: 34039229 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1931186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonchus oleraceus is a kind of medicinal and edible plant which is widely distributed. In this study, two new sesquiterpenes 1 and 2 along with three known compounds 3-5 were isolated from Sonchus oleraceus by the methods of column chromatography. The structures of the two novel compounds were constructed on the basis of HR-MS and NMR spectra. Cytotoxicities of 1 and 2 were assayed on EOMA cell lines and 1 exhibited no inhibitory effect while 2 elicited moderate inhibitory effect on EOMA cells with IC50 value of 26.5 μM. Western Blot assay indicated that 2 could suppress EOMA cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis through Bax/caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Che
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Chen CY, Su CW, Li X, Liu Y, Pan Q, Cao T, Kang JX. Lipid Extract From a Vegetable ( Sonchus Oleraceus) Attenuates Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Associated With AMPK Activation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:624283. [PMID: 33889593 PMCID: PMC8055827 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.624283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope:Sonchus Oleraceus, named bitter vegetable (BV), has been known to have multiple health benefits such as anti-aging and anti-inflammation. However, the role of BV in the prevention of obesity is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BV lipid extracts (BVL) on obesity development. Methods and Results: Following treatments of high fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6J) with BVL (0.3 mg/g of BW per mouse) for a month, mice exhibited a significant reduction in weight gain, blood triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose compared to control mice. Intriguingly, phosphorylated AMPK, a key regulator of nutrient metabolism, was markedly increased in inguinal fat of BVL group. In 3T3-L1 cells, BVL-7 (100 μg/ml), an omega-3 fatty acid-rich fraction from BVL, lowered lipid accumulation, and down-regulated the gene expression of adipocyte markers. The inhibitory effect of BVL occurred at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, leading to the delay of mitotic clonal expansion. AMPK knockdown by siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of BVL-7 on adipogenesis, suggesting that AMPK is essential for BVL-regulated adipocyte differentiation. Conclusion: BVL can effectively inhibit adipogenesis through, at least in part, stimulating AMPK pathway and attenuate HFD-induced obesity. Our findings suggest that BVL can be a promising dietary supplement for protection against obesity, and the effective component of BVL can be potentially developed as anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Qian Pan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Tinglan Cao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Chiu JZS, Hold I, Newman TAC, Horsfield JA, McDowell A. Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation Benefits Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Auranofin. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1199. [PMID: 33322287 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplementation may potentially be beneficial for embryonic development to reduce complications associated with increased levels of oxidative stress. Chlorogenic acid, one of the key polyphenolic antioxidants in S. oleraceus, was evaluated for potential protective effects during embryonic development of zebrafish exposed to the teratogen auranofin. Zebrafish embryos were transiently exposed to auranofin to induce developmental abnormalities. Phenotypic abnormalities were scored based on their severity at day 5 post-fertilization. The embryos supplemented with 250 µM chlorogenic acid showed a significantly lower score in phenotypic abnormalities compared to non-supplemented embryos after auranofin exposure. Therefore, supplementation with a low dose of chlorogenic acid showed a protective effect from auranofin-induced deformities and encouraged normal growth in zebrafish embryos. This study provides further support for the potential of using antioxidant supplementation during embryonic development for protection against malformation.
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Kim S, Kim H, Cho M, Kim C, Kim S. Development and characterization of 17 microsatellite markers for Sonchus oleraceus. Appl Plant Sci 2020; 8:e11329. [PMID: 32185120 PMCID: PMC7073324 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The common sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus (Asteraceae), is a globally invasive weedy species. In order to investigate its genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and evolutionary history, we developed and characterized nuclear simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs or microsatellites). METHODS AND RESULTS Seventeen microsatellite primer pairs were developed based on the Illumina sequence data. Ten developed SSR loci were polymorphic in four populations sampled from broad geographical regions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 11, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.801, respectively. Up to 82% of the newly developed primer pairs were successfully amplified in the congeneric taxa S. asper, S. asper subsp. glaucescens, S. canariensis, and S. palmensis. CONCLUSIONS The SSR markers developed in this study will be useful for future population genetic studies on S. oleraceus and other congeneric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon‐Hee Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐roSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Hye‐Been Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐roSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Min‐Seong Cho
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐roSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Seok Kim
- Highland Agriculture Research InstituteNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development Administration (RDA)Gangwon‐do25342Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Chul Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐roSuwon16419Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Q, Wang T, Zhu J, Liu B. Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenes from Sonchus oleraceus. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:709-714. [PMID: 31894000 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200101152934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonchus oleraceus is a large and widespread plant in the world. It is edible to humans as a leaf vegetable and is also used as a folklore medicinal herb in the treatment of infections and inflammatory disease, but limited research on its chemical constituents has been done. OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify the bioactive ingredients from S. oleraceus. METHODS 20kg of S. oleraceus was extracted twice with 75% alcohol. The concentrated extract was suspended in H2O and partitioned with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. The ethyl acetate phase was subjected to repeated normal chromatography on a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with a gradient of CH2Cl2-MeOH to give 12 crude fractions. Fraction 6 was subjected to ODS silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC to yield 1 and 2. Cell viability of 1 and 2 on A549, H292 and Caco2 cell lines were assayed by MTT method. Apoptosis analysis and apoptosis related proteins were detected subsequently. RESULTS Two new sesquiterpenes were isolated from S. oleraceus and identified by NMR spectra and HR-ESIMS. 1 selectively suppressed the viability of A549 and H292 cells with IC50 values of 14.2, and 19.5μM respectively, while possessing no cytotoxicity against Caco2 cells (IC50 > 100μM). 2 did not exhibit cytotoxicity against A549, H292 and Caco2 cells (IC50 > 100μM). 1 significantly decreased the density of live cells and could cause cell apoptosis at 10 and 20μM in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment of 1 for 24h, the level of cleaved caspase-3 was increased accompanied by the reduction in procaspase-3 expression, and the downregulation of Bcl-2 was associated with the enhancement of Bax expression. 1 could lead to the up-regulation of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-9. CONCLUSION 1 and 2 are new sesquiterpenes from S. oleraceus. 1 could induce apoptosis in A549 and H292 cells through Bax/caspase-9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Department of Urology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaojiu Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianjing Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Cho MS, Kim JH, Kim CS, Mejías JA, Kim SC. Sow Thistle Chloroplast Genomes: Insights into the Plastome Evolution and Relationship of Two Weedy Species, Sonchus asper and Sonchus oleraceus (Asteraceae). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110881. [PMID: 31683955 PMCID: PMC6895928 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prickly sow thistle, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, and common sow thistle, Sonchus oleraceus L., are noxious weeds. Probably originating from the Mediterranean region, they have become widespread species. They share similar morphology and are closely related. However, they differ in their chromosome numbers and the precise relationship between them remains uncertain. Understanding their chloroplast genome structure and evolution is an important initial step toward determining their phylogenetic relationships and analyzing accelerating plant invasion processes on a global scale. We assembled four accessions of chloroplast genomes (two S. asper and two S. oleraceus) by the next generation sequencing approach and conducted comparative genomic analyses. All the chloroplast genomes were highly conserved. Their sizes ranged from 151,808 to 151,849 bp, containing 130 genes including 87 coding genes, 6 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole chloroplast genome sequences showed that S. asper shares a recent common ancestor with S. oleraceus and suggested its likely involvement in a possible amphidiploid origin of S. oleraceus. In total, 79 simple sequence repeats and highly variable regions were identified as the potential chloroplast markers to determine genetic variation and colonization patterns of Sonchus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Suk Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Jin Hyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Gangwon-do 25342, Korea.
| | - José A Mejías
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Seville, Spain.
| | - Seung-Chul Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
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Nobela O, Renslow RS, Thomas DG, Colby SM, Sitha S, Njobeh PB, du Preez L, Tugizimana F, Madala NE. Efficient discrimination of natural stereoisomers of chicoric acid, an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 189:258-66. [PMID: 30419521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants from the Asteraceae family are known to contain a wide spectrum of phytochemicals with various nutraceutical properties. One important phytochemical, chicoric acid (CA), is reported to exist in plants, such as Sonchus oleraceus and Bidens pilosa, as stereoisomers. These CA molecules occur either as the naturally abundant RR-chicoric acid (RR-CA), or the less abundant RS-chicoric acid (RS-CA), also known as meso-chicoric acid. To date, little is known about the biological activity of RS-CA, but there is evidence of its anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) properties. In this study, a reliable analytical method was developed to distinguish between the two stereoisomers detected in S. oleraceus and B. pilosa. For structure identification and characterization of CA molecules, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used in combination with ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced geometrical isomerization, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) models. Optimized structures from DFT calculations were used for docking studies against the HIV-1 integrase enzyme. Different retention times on the reverse phase chromatograms revealed that the plants produce two different CA stereoisomers: S. oleraceus produced the RR-CA isomer, while B. pilosa produced the RS-CA isomer. DFT results demonstrated the RR-CA molecule was more stable than RS-CA due to the stabilizing force of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding. Differences in the HIV-1 integrase enzyme binding modes were observed, with the RR-CA being a more potent inhibitor than the RS-CA molecule. The results highlight the significance of plant metabolite structural complexity from both chemical and biological perspectives. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that induced-formation of geometrical isomers, in combination with the predictive ability of DFT models and the resolving power of the LC-MS, can be exploited to distinguish structurally closely related compounds, such as stereoisomers.
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Hereward JP, Werth JA, Thornby DF, Keenan M, Chauhan BS, Walter GH. Complete chloroplast genome of glyphosate resistant Sonchus oleraceus L. from Australia, with notes on the small single copy (SSC) region orientation. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:363-364. [PMID: 33474170 PMCID: PMC7799887 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1450682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sonchus oleraceus, common sowthistle, is an asteraceous weed in Australian agricultural systems and has recently developed resistance to glyphosate. We present the complete chloroplast sequence of S. oleracueus reconstructed from Illumina whole genome shotgun sequencing. This is the first complete chloroplast genome available for the genus Sonchus. The complete chloroplast sequence is 151,808 bp long. A Bayesian phylogeny of the chloroplast coding regions of the tribe Cichorieae (Asteraceae) is presented. The S. oleraceus chloroplast genome is deposited at GenBank under accession number MG878405.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hereward
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff A Werth
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Leslie Research Centre, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Michelle Keenan
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Leslie Research Centre, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Gimme H Walter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hassan MO, Saleh AM, AbdElgawad H. Sonchus oleraceus Residue Improves Nutritive and Health-Promoting Value of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.): A Metabolic Study. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:2092-2100. [PMID: 29455523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of the phenolic-rich Sonchus oleraceus residue as an environmentally safe approach to induce the nutritive and health-promoting values of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Bronco). S. oleraceus shoot residue, at rates of 150 and 300 g m-2, has improved soil fertility via accumulation of soil macronutrients, organic matter, organic carbon, and total phenolics. The growth and yield of bean were significantly increased. Moreover, chemical composition of the treated seeds was significantly altered, whereas higher levels of total antioxidant capacity, proteins, carbohydrates, and most of the individual phenolic acids, flavonoids, vitamins, essential amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids were recorded. Interestingly, a concentration dependent effect was also observed, for instance, a lower saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acid ratio was only observed in the case of the lower residue rate. These findings recommend the use of S. oleraceus in organic farming of bean to enhance the health benefits of the produced seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud O Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Beni Suef University , 62521 Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu , Taibah University , King Khalid Road , Al Amoedi, 46423 Yanbu El-Bahr , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza 12613 , Egypt
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Beni Suef University , 62521 Beni-Suef , Egypt
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 , Antwerp , Belgium
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Fang Q, Fan Z, Xie Y, Wang X, Li K, Liu Y. Screening and Evaluation of the Bioremediation Potential of Cu/Zn-Resistant, Autochthonous Acinetobacter sp. FQ-44 from Sonchus oleraceus L. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1487. [PMID: 27746807 PMCID: PMC5043060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The quest for new, promising and indigenous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and a deeper understanding of their relationship with plants are important considerations in the improvement of phytoremediation. This study focuses on the screening of plant beneficial Cu/Zn-resistant strains and assessment of their bioremediation potential (metal solubilization/tolerance/biosorption and effects on growth of Brassica napus seedlings) to identify suitable rhizobacteria and examine their roles in microbes-assisted phytoremediation. Sixty Cu/Zn-resistant rhizobacteria were initially isolated from Sonchus oleraceus grown at a multi-metal-polluted site in Shanghai, China. From these strains, 19 isolates that were all resistant to 300 mg⋅L-1 Cu as well as 300 mg⋅L-1 Zn, and could simultaneously grow on Dworkin-Foster salt minimal medium containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid were preliminarily selected. Of those 19 isolates, 10 isolates with superior plant growth-promoting properties (indole-3-acetic acid production, siderophore production, and insoluble phosphate solubilization) were secondly chosen and further evaluated to identify those with the highest bioremediation potential and capacity for bioaugmentation. Strain S44, identified as Acinetobacter sp. FQ-44 based on 16S rDNA sequencing, was specifically chosen as the most favorable strain owing to its strong capabilities to (1) promote the growth of rape seedlings (significantly increased root length, shoot length, and fresh weight by 92.60%, 31.00%, and 41.96%, respectively) under gnotobiotic conditions; (2) tolerate up to 1000 mg⋅L-1 Cu and 800 mg⋅L-1 Zn; (3) mobilize the highest concentrations of water-soluble Cu, Zn, Pb, and Fe (16.99, 0.98, 0.08, and 3.03 mg⋅L-1, respectively); and (4) adsorb the greatest quantities of Cu and Zn (7.53 and 6.61 mg⋅g-1 dry cell, respectively). Our findings suggest that Acinetobacter sp. FQ-44 could be exploited for bacteria-assisted phytoextraction. Moreover, the present study provides a comprehensive method for the screening of rhizobacteria for phytoremediation of multi-metal-polluted soils, especially those sewage sludge-amended soils contaminated with Cu/Zn.
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Abstract
Traditional leafy vegetables, apart from being a staple in the diet of most of sub-Saharan Africa, are an essential part of traditional medicine and are used daily by traditional healers in the region to treat a wide variety of ailments. In this study, a batch culture technique was used to investigate whether 25 infusions from 22 traditional leafy vegetables stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum in pure culture. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the inulin content of the infusions. Sonchus oleraceus stimulated all four strains and Taraxacum officinale stimulated three strains. In total, 18 plants stimulated at least one of the four probiotic strains. The inulin content of the infusions varied between 2.5% and 3.6%, with Asparagus sprengeri containing the highest percentage. These results indicate that traditional leafy vegetables do stimulate the growth of the selected lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in pure culture and contain inulin. These infusions can now be tested for prebiotic potential using mixed culture systems or human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad Kassim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa and
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Ou ZQ, Schmierer DM, Strachan CJ, Rades T, McDowell A. Influence of postharvest processing and storage conditions on key antioxidants in pūhā ( Sonchus oleraceus L.). J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:998-1008. [PMID: 24697835 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of different postharvest drying processes and storage conditions on key antioxidants in Sonchus oleraceus L. leaves. METHODS Fresh leaves were oven-dried (60°C), freeze-dried or air-dried (∼25°C) for 6 h, 24 h and 3 days, respectively. Design of experiments (DOE) was applied to study the stability of antioxidants (caftaric, chlorogenic and chicoric acids) in S. oleraceus leaves and leaf extracts stored at different temperatures (4, 25 and 50°C) and relative humidities (15%, 43% and 75%) for 180 days. The concentration of antioxidants was quantified by a HPLC-2,2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl post-column derivatisation method. Antioxidant activity was assessed by a cellular antioxidant activity assay. KEY FINDINGS The three antioxidants degraded to unquantifiable levels after oven-drying. More than 90% of the antioxidants were retained by freeze-drying and air-drying. Both leaf and extract samples retained >90% of antioxidants, except those stored at 75% relative humidity. Leaf material had higher antioxidant concentrations and greater cellular antioxidant activity than corresponding extract samples. CONCLUSION Freeze-drying and air-drying preserved more antioxidants in S. oleraceus than oven-drying. From DOE analysis, humidity plays an important role in degradation of antioxidants during storage. To preserve antioxidant activity, it is preferable to store S. oleraceus as dried leaf material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Quan Ou
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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