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Alors-Pérez E, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Blázquez-Encinas R, Moreno-Montilla MT, García-Vioque V, Berbel I, Luque RM, Sainz B, Ibáñez-Costa A, Castaño JP. Splicing alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a new molecular landscape with translational potential. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:282. [PMID: 37880792 PMCID: PMC10601233 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, mainly due to its late diagnosis and lack of effective therapies, translating into a low 5-year 12% survival rate, despite extensive clinical efforts to improve outcomes. International cooperative studies have provided informative multiomic landscapes of PDAC, but translation of these discoveries into clinical advances are lagging. Likewise, early diagnosis biomarkers and new therapeutic tools are sorely needed to tackle this cancer. The study of poorly explored molecular processes, such as splicing, can provide new tools in this regard. Alternative splicing of pre-RNA allows the generation of multiple RNA variants from a single gene and thereby contributes to fundamental biological processes by finely tuning gene expression. However, alterations in alternative splicing are linked to many diseases, and particularly to cancer, where it can contribute to tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Splicing defects are increasingly being associated with PDAC, including both mutations or dysregulation of components of the splicing machinery and associated factors, and altered expression of specific relevant gene variants. Such disruptions can be a key element enhancing pancreatic tumor progression or metastasis, while they can also provide suitable tools to identify potential candidate biomarkers and discover new actionable targets. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current information about dysregulation of splicing-related elements and aberrant splicing isoforms in PDAC, and to describe their relationship with the development, progression and/or aggressiveness of this dismal cancer, as well as their potential as therapeutic tools and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Moreno-Montilla
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Vioque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Berbel
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Area 3, Cancer, Madrid, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Tumours Research Programme, Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain.
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Li M, Hu M, Xiao Y, Wu X, Wang J. The activation of gene expression and alternative splicing in the formation and evolution of allopolyploid Brassica napus. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhab075. [PMID: 35043208 PMCID: PMC8923814 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Allopolyploids contain two or more sets of subgenomes. To establish a compatible relationship between subgenomes, a series of gene expression changes occurred in allopolyploids. What evolutionary changes of transcripts have taken place in Brassica napus during the early establishment and subsequent evolution was a fascinating scientific question. Here, we study this issue using a set of materials (natural, resynthesized B. napus and their progenitors/parents) by long-read RNA sequencing technology. The results showed that more genes were up-regulated in resynthesized B. napus compared with its two parents, and more up-regulated expressed genes were observed in natural B. napus compared with resynthesized B. napus. The presence of up-regulation genes in organism may help it adapt to the influence of "genomic shock" and cope with natural environment. Isoforms are produced from precursor mRNAs by alternative splicing (AS) events, and more than 60% of novel isoforms were identified in all materials, which could improve the reference genome information of B. napus. We found that the isoform numbers, the number of genes potentially involved in AS and alternative polyadenylation increased in B. napus after evolution, which may involve in the adaptation of plants to natural environment. In addition, all identified isoforms were functional annotated by searching 7 databases. In general, this study could improve our overall understanding of the full-length transcriptome of B. napus, and help us recognize the significant gene expression changes and isoform abundance changes occurred in allopolyploid B. napus during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Meimei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yafang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Miao YD, Wang JT, Tang XL, Mi DH. Microarray analysis to explore the effect of CXCL12 isoforms in a pancreatic pre-tumor cell model. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8194-8198. [PMID: 35068863 PMCID: PMC8704271 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i47.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL12 expression was significantly lower in tumor samples than in corresponding normal samples. CXCL12 expression was significantly positively related to the infiltration levels of T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), immature DCs, cytotoxic cells, Tfh cells, mast cells, B cells, Th1 cells, natural killer (NK) cells, pDCs, neutrophils, and T helper cells (Spearman correlation coefficient > 0.5, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the infiltration level of NK CD56bright cells. In addition, pancreatic hTERT-HPNE cells treated with three diverse CXCL12 isoforms exhibited changes mainly in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Deng-Hai Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Dean's office, Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Cecati M, Giulietti M, Righetti A, Sabanovic B, Piva F. Effects of CXCL12 isoforms in a pancreatic pre-tumour cellular model: Microarray analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1616-1629. [PMID: 33958847 PMCID: PMC8058651 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of death among cancers, it is characterized by poor prognosis and strong chemoresistance. In the PDAC microenvironment, stromal cells release different extracellular components, including CXCL12. The CXCL12 is a chemokine promoting the communication between tumour and stromal cells. Six different splicing isoforms of CXCL12 are known (α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ) but their role in PDAC has not yet been characterized.
AIM To investigate the specific role of α, β, and γ CXCL12 isoforms in PDAC onset.
METHODS We used hTERT-HPNE E6/E7/KRasG12D (Human Pancreatic Nestin-Expressing) cell line as a pancreatic pre-tumour model and exposed it to the α, β, and γ CXCL12 isoforms. The altered expression profiles were assessed by microarray analyses and confirmed by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction. The functional enrichment analyses have been performed by Enrichr tool to highlight Gene Ontology enriched terms. In addition, wound healing assays have been carried out to assess the phenotypic changes, in terms of migration ability, induced by the α, β, and γ CXCL12 isoforms.
RESULTS Microarray analysis of hTERT-HPNE cells treated with the three different CXCL12 isoforms highlighted that the expression of only a few genes was altered. Moreover, the α and β isoforms showed an alteration in expression of different genes, whereas γ isoform affected the expression of genes also common with α and β isoforms. The β isoform altered the expression of genes mainly involved in cell cycle regulation. In addition, all isoforms affected the expression of genes associated to cell migration, adhesion and cytoskeleton. In vitro cell migration assay confirmed that CXCL12 enhanced the migration ability of hTERT-HPNE cells. Among the CXCL12 splicing isoforms, the γ isoform showed higher induction of migration than α and β isoforms.
CONCLUSION Our data suggests an involvement and different roles of CXCL12 isoforms in PDAC onset. However, more investigations are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Cecati
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Righetti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Berina Sabanovic
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
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Chang S, Huang J, Niu H, Wang J, Si Y, Bai Z, Cheng S, Ding W. Epigenetic regulation of osteopontin splicing isoform c defines its role as a microenvironmental factor to promote the survival of colon cancer cells from 5-FU treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:452. [PMID: 32944000 PMCID: PMC7491101 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and recurrence after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer remain a challenge to be resolved for the improvement of patient outcomes. It is recognized that a variety of secretory proteins released from the tumor cells exposed to chemo-drugs into the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributed to the cell-to-cell communication, and altered the drug sensitivity. One of these important factors is osteopontin (OPN), which exists in several functional forms from alternative splicing and post-translational processing. In colon cancer cells, increased total OPN expression was observed during the progression of tumors, however, the exact role and regulation of the OPN splicing isoforms was not well understood. Methods We assayed precisely the abundance of major OPN splicing isoforms under 5-FU treatments in colon cancer cell lines with different sensitivities to 5-FU, and also evaluated the effects of the condition medium from OPN splicing isoforms overexpressed cells on cell functions. The methods of nuclear calcium reporter assays and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlining the production of OPN isoforms. Results We discovered that OPNc was a most increased splicing isoform to a significant abundance following 5-FU treatment of colon cancer cells. OPNc as a secretory protein in the conditioned medium exerted a more potent effect to promote cell survival in 5-FU than other OPN isoforms. The kinetic response of nuclear calcium signals could be used to indicate an immediate effect of the conditioned medium containing OPNc and other isoforms. Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) was identified to regulate the splicing of opn gene, where the phosphorylation of MeCP2 at S421 site, possibly by calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was required. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the production of OPNc was highly controlled under epigenetic regulations, where MeCP2 and the activation of nuclear calcium signaling were involved. It was also suggested that OPNc could transmit the stress signal of cells upon chemotherapy in TME and promoted the survival of adjacent colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Huan Niu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yang Si
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
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Masaki S, Hashimoto K, Kihara D, Tsuzuki C, Kataoka N, Suzuki K. The cysteine residue at 424th of pyruvate kinase M2 is crucial for tetramerization and responsiveness to oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:973-977. [PMID: 32295714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of the pyruvate kinase M (PKM) pre-mRNA generates two isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2. PKM catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate in glycolytic pathway. PKM1 exist as a stable tetramer that is at an active enzyme state, while PKM2 is in equilibrium among monomer, dimer and tetramer under the regulation of its allosteric activators. Many cancer cells show the feature of higher glucose uptake and lactate production in spite of oxygen availability, which is known as the Warburg effect. PKM2 is upregulated in most cancer types and the inactive PKM2 lead to the cancer metabolism. In addition, dimeric PKM2 induces its nuclear translocation through posttranslational modification and acts as a transcriptional co-activator for the expression of oncogenes. Therefore, it is important to elucidate mechanisms for modulation of an active or inactive state of PKM2, namely the tetramer-to-dimer-transition. The definitive difference between PKM1 and PKM2 is to constitutively form tetramer or not in the cytoplasm, which is ascribed to 22 amino acids derived from exon 9 (PKM1) or exon 10 (PKM2). In this study, we generated 22 different PKM1-mimetic point mutants of PKM2, and demonstrated that replacement of cysteine424 residue of PKM2 with leucine424 conserved in PKM1 (C424L) promote its tetramerization. PKM2(C424L) formed a tetramer without allosteric activator, and escaped the inhibitory effects by oxidative stress, like PKM1. Our findings intensely suggest that C424 or L424 determines the different catalytic and modulatory properties between PKM splicing isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Masaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicinal Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kozue Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicinal Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daiki Kihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicinal Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuzuki
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicinal Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Bastos ACSF, Blunck CB, Emerenciano M, Gimba ERP. Osteopontin and their roles in hematological malignancies: Splice variants on the new avenues. Cancer Lett 2017; 408:138-143. [PMID: 28844708 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein expressed in several tissues, including bone marrow, in which it performs distinct roles, such as modulating hematopoietic stem cell niche and bone remodeling. Most data in hematological malignancies (HMs) refers to total OPN (tOPN), comprehending the sum of distinct OPN splicing isoforms (OPN-SI), while reports describing the expression and roles of each OPN-SI are scarce. This review aims to summarize tOPN roles in HMs and provide evidence that OPN-SIs can also modulate specific functions in HMs biology. We summarize that upregulated tOPN can modulate HMs (leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma) progression, inducing cell adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and extramedullary and/or central nervous system infiltration. Based on this expression pattern, tOPN has been pointed out as a biomarker in those HMs, thus providing potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Our group found that OPN-SIs are expressed in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cell lines (unpublished data), providing early evidence that OPN-SIs are also expressed in BCP-ALL. Further studies should investigate whether these OPN-SIs can differently modulate HMs biology and their putative application as auxiliary biomarkers for HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Barbieri Blunck
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Programa de Hematologia-Oncologia Pediátrico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Emerenciano
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Programa de Hematologia-Oncologia Pediátrico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Humanidades e Saúde (IHS), Departamento de Ciências da Natureza (RCN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Nakamura KDM, Tilli TM, Wanderley JL, Palumbo A, Mattos RM, Ferreira AC, Klumb CE, Nasciutti LE, Gimba ER. Osteopontin splice variants expression is involved on docetaxel resistance in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2655-63. [PMID: 26404131 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoprotein that activates several aspects of tumor progression. Alternative splicing of the OPN primary transcript generates three splicing isoforms, OPNa, OPNb and OPNc. In this report, we investigated some cellular mechanisms by which OPN splice variants could mediate PC3 prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival and growth in response to docetaxel (DXT)-induced cell death. Cell survival before and after DXT treatment was analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy and crystal-violet staining assays. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemical staining assays were used to evaluate the putative involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and OPN isoforms on mediating PC3 cell survival. Upon DXT treatment, PC3 cells overexpressing OPNb or OPNc isoforms showed higher cell densities, compared to cells overexpressing OPNa and controls. Notably, cells overexpressing OPNb or OPNc isoforms showed a downregulated pattern of EMT epithelial cell markers, while mesenchymal markers were mostly upregulated in these experimental conditions. We concluded that OPNc or OPNb overexpression in PC3 cells can mediate resistance and cell survival features in response to DXT-induced cell death. Our data also provide evidence the EMT program could be one of the molecular mechanisms mediating survival in OPNb- or OPNc-overexpressing cells in response to DXT treatment. These data could further contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which PCa cells acquire resistance to DXT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D M Nakamura
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T M Tilli
- Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Coordenação Geral Técnico Científica do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J L Wanderley
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - A Palumbo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Mattos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular. Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular-CGTC, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - C E Klumb
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular. Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular-CGTC, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L E Nasciutti
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E R Gimba
- Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Coordenação Geral Técnico Científica do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ciências da Natureza (RCN), Instituto de Humanidades e Sáude IHS, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Recife s/n-Bairro Bela Vista, Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 28895-532, Brazil.
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