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Izquierdo-López R, Fandan R, Boscá A, Calle F, Pedrós J. Surface-acoustic-wave-driven graphene plasmonic sensor for fingerprinting ultrathin biolayers down to the monolayer limit. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115498. [PMID: 37423065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons in graphene can enhance the performance of mid-infrared spectroscopy, which is key for the study of both the composition and the conformation of organic molecules via their vibrational resonances. In this paper, a plasmonic biosensor using a graphene-based van der Waals heterostructure on a piezoelectric substrate is theoretically demonstrated, where far-field light is coupled to surface plasmon-phonon polaritons (SPPPs) through a surface acoustic wave (SAW). The SAW creates an electrically-controlled virtual diffraction grating, suppressing the need for patterning the 2D materials, that limits the polariton lifetime, and enabling differential measurement schemes, which increase the signal-to-noise ratio and allow a quick commutation between reference and sample signals. A transfer matrix method has been used for simulating the SPPPs propagating in the system, which are electrically tuned to interact with the vibrational resonances of the analytes. Furthermore, the analysis of the sensor response with a coupled oscillators model has proven its capability of fingerprinting ultrathin biolayers, even when the interaction is too weak to induce a Fano interference pattern, with a sensitivity down to the monolayer limit, as tested with a protein bilayer or a peptide monolayer. The proposed device paves the way for the development of advanced SAW-assisted lab-on-chip systems combining the existing SAW-mediated physical sensing and microfluidic functionalities with the chemical fingerprinting capability of this novel SAW-driven plasmonic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Izquierdo-López
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Rajveer Fandan
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Alberto Boscá
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Fernando Calle
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge Pedrós
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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2
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Ai Y, Lv H, Wang Y, Liu Z, He Y, Lin D, Jia L, Zhang Y. GaN surface acoustic wave filter with low insertion loss. Ultrasonics 2023; 132:106988. [PMID: 37003206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter with a low insertion loss (IL) of 4.415 dB has been demonstrated on Carbon-doped semi-insulating c-plane bulk GaN without external lumped element matching. The center frequency, 3 dB bandwidth, out-of-band attenuation, return loss of the filter are 477.05 MHz, 0.308 MHz, 32.5 dB, and -9.72 dB, respectively. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kt2), and temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the filter are 0.21 % and -26.0 ppm/°C, respectively. The impact of the number of interdigital transducers (NIDT) and acoustic propagation direction on filter performance has been studied. The IL of filters reduces from 16.07 dB to 4.415 dB with the increase of NIDT from 50 to 150 due to the enhanced acoustic superposition. The numerical distribution of elastic stiffness ([cij]), and piezoelectric constants ([eik]) of GaN has been calculated in Euler angle space, indicating that they are isotropic on c-plane. The small performance difference of filters along the m- and a-direction on c-plane bulk GaN can be attributed to the small offset angle of 0.5° of the bulk GaN wafer or IDT quality variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ai
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongrui Lv
- Chongqing United Micro-Electronics Ctr, Chongqing 401332, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Dept. of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei He
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Defeng Lin
- Lishui Zhongke Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Lifang Jia
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Li X, Wang Y. Acoustic tweezers using bisymmetric coherent surface acoustic waves for dynamic and reconfigurable manipulation of particle multimers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 643:115-123. [PMID: 37058887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The accurate and dynamic manipulation of multiple micro-sized objects has always been a technical challenge in areas of colloid assembly, tissue engineering, and organ regeneration. The hypothesis of this paper is the precise modulation and parallel manipulation of morphology of individual and multiple colloidal multimers can be achieved by customizing acoustic field. EXPERIMENTS Herein, we present a colloidal multimer manipulation method by using acoustic tweezers with bisymmetric coherent surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which enables contactless morphology modulation of individual colloidal multimers and patterning arrays by regulating the shape of acoustic field to specific desired distributions with high accuracy. Rapid switching of multimer patterning arrays, morphology modulation of individual multimers, and controllable rotation can be achieved by regulating coherent wave vector configurations and phase relations in real time. FINDINGS To demonstrate the capabilities of this technology, we have firstly achieved eleven patterns of deterministic morphology switching for single hexamer and precise switching between three array modes. In addition, the assembly of multimers with three kinds of specific widths and controllable rotation of single multimers and arrays were demonstrated from 0 to 22.4 rpm (tetramers). Therefore, this technique enables reversible assembly and dynamic manipulation of particles and/or cells in colloid synthesis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Wang X, Ji J, Yang P, Li X, Pang Y, Lu P. A love-mode surface acoustic wave aptasensor with dummy fingers based on monolayer MoS 2/Au NPs nanocomposites for alpha-fetoprotein detection. Talanta 2022; 243:123328. [PMID: 35217272 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The detection of cancer markers still has shortages of low sensitivity, time-consuming operation, the use of unstable and expensive antibodies. In this work, a novel Love-mode surface acoustic wave (LSAW) aptasensor with dummy fingers based on the monolayer molybdenum disulfide/gold nanoparticles (monolayer MoS2/Au NPs) was developed for the highly sensitive and rapid determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum. Interdigital electrodes (IDTs) with dummy fingers were designed and applied to improve the acoustic characteristic of the LSAW aptasensor. The less energy dissipation and wave-front distortion of the LSAW aptasensor were confirmed by COMSOL simulation and test results. The newly-developed sensing film monolayer MoS2/Au NPs/Apt/6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) was applied for the specific detection of AFP and significantly improved the sensitivity of the LSAW aptasensor. The excellent performance of the LSAW aptasensor allowed the sensitive and rapid detection of AFP in serum in the range of 0.01 ⁓ 100 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 4.79 pg/mL. Additionally, the proposed LSAW aptasensor exhibited excellent selectivity, long-term stability, and reproducibility, and could be used to detect other cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; School of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Junwang Ji
- Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; School of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Center for NanoChemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yiquan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Agostini M, Amato F, Vieri ML, Greco G, Tonazzini I, Baroncelli L, Caleo M, Vannini E, Santi M, Signore G, Cecchini M. Glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP) biomarker detection in serum-matrix: Functionalization strategies and detection by an ultra-high-frequency surface-acoustic-wave (UHF-SAW) lab-on-chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 172:112774. [PMID: 33160234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP) has recently drawn significant attention from the clinical environment as a promising biomarker. The pathologies which can be linked to the presence of GFAP in blood severely affect the human central nervous system. These pathologies are glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), multiple sclerosis (MS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Here, we develop three different detection strategies for GFAP, among the most popular in the biosensing field and never examined side by side within the experimental frame. We compare their capability of detecting GFAP in a clean-buffer and serum-matrix by using gold-coated quartz-crystal-microbalance (QCM) sensors. All the three detection strategies are based on antibodies, and each of them focuses on a key aspect of the biosensing process. The first is based on a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain for antifouling, the second on a protein-G linker for controlling antibody-orientation, and the third on antibody-splitting and direct surface immobilization for high-surface coverage. Then, we select the best-performing protocol and validate its detection performance with an ultra-high-frequency (UHF) surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) based lab-on-chip (LoC). GFAP successful detection is demonstrated in a clean-buffer and serum-matrix at a concentration of 35 pM. This GFAP level is compatible with clinical diagnostics. This result suggests the use of our technology for the realization of a point-of-care biosensing platform for the detection of multiple brain-pathology biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agostini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy; INTA srl, Intelligent Acoustics Systems, Via Nino Pisano 14, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Amato
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Vieri
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Greco
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, viale del Tirreno 331, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Caleo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - E Vannini
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Santi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Signore
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy; INTA srl, Intelligent Acoustics Systems, Via Nino Pisano 14, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
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Weser R, Winkler A, Weihnacht M, Menzel S, Schmidt H. The complexity of surface acoustic wave fields used for microfluidic applications. Ultrasonics 2020; 106:106160. [PMID: 32334142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using surface acoustic waves (SAW) for the agitation and manipulation of fluids and immersed particles or cells in lab-on-a-chip systems has been state of the art for several years. Basic tasks comprise fluid mixing, atomization of liquids as well as sorting and separation (or trapping) of particles and cells, e.g. in so-called acoustic tweezers. Even though the fundamental principles governing SAW excitation and propagation on anisotropic, piezoelectric substrates are well-investigated, the complexity of wave field effects including SAW diffraction, refraction and interference cannot be comprehensively simulated at this point of time with sufficient accuracy. However, the design of microfluidic actuators relies on a profound knowledge of SAW propagation, including superposition of multiple SAWs, to achieve the predestined functionality of the devices. Here, we present extensive experimental results of high-resolution analysis of the lateral distribution of the complex displacement amplitude, i.e. the wave field, alongside with the electrical S-parameters of the generating transducers. These measurements were carried out and are compared in setups utilizing travelling SAW (tSAW) excited by single interdigital transducer (IDT), standing SAW generated between two IDTs (1DsSAW, 1D acoustic tweezers) and between two pairs of IDTs (2DsSAW, 2D acoustic tweezers) with different angular alignment in respect to pure Rayleigh mode propagation directions and other practically relevant orientations. For these basic configurations, typically used to drive SAW-based microfluidics, the influence of common SAW phenomena including beam steering, coupling coefficient dispersion and diffraction on the resultant wave field is investigated. The results show how tailoring of the acoustic conditions, based on profound knowledge of the physical effects, can be achieved to finally realize a desired behavior of a SAW-based microacoustic-fluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weser
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Winkler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Weihnacht
- InnoXacs GmbH, Am Muehlfeld 34, 01744 Dippoldiswalde, Germany
| | - S Menzel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Hu B, Zhang S, Zhang H, Lv W, Zhang C, Lv X, San H. Fabrications of L-band LiNbO 3-based SAW Resonators for Aerospace Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:mi10060349. [PMID: 31141949 PMCID: PMC6630977 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology offers many opportunities for aerospace applications in passive wireless sensing and communication. This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and test of an L-band SAW resonator based on 128° Y-X LiNbO3 substrate. The design parameters of SAW resonator were optimized by the finite element (FEM) method and the coupling-of-mode (COM) theory. Electron-beam lithography (EBL) technology was used to fabricate the submicron-scale of interdigital transducers (IDTs) and grating reflectors. The effects of some key EBL processes (e.g., the use of electron beam resist, the choice of metal deposition methods, the charge-accumulation effect, and the proximity-effect) on the fabrication precision of SAW devices were discussed. Experimentally, the LiNbO3-based SAW resonators fabricated using improved EBL technology exhibits a Rayleigh wave resonance peaks at 1.55 GHz with return loss about −12 dB, and quality factor Q is 517. Based on this SAW resonator, the temperature and strain sensing tests were performed, respectively. The experimental results exhibit a well linear dependence of temperature/strain on frequency-shift, with a temperature sensitivity of 125.4 kHz/°C and a strain sensitivity of −831 Hz/με, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofa Hu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Intelligent Acoustics (Xiamen) Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China.
| | - Shaoda Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Wenlong Lv
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Haisheng San
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Intelligent Acoustics (Xiamen) Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China.
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8
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Wang T, Green R, Guldiken R, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra S. Multiple-layer guided surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based pH sensing in longitudinal FiSS-tumoroid cultures. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 124-125:244-252. [PMID: 30390467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A constitutively increased intracellular pH that is higher than the extracellular pH is emerging as a hallmark of cancer and determining pH could play a significant role in the measurement of drug responsiveness of tumor cells. However, a non-invasive, touch-free and real-time pH sensing as a research tool is lacking and remains a major unmet need. The purpose of the current study is to investigate a microfluidic surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor platform capable of monitoring pH in cell and tumoroid cultures. A novel multi-layer guided SAW sensor integrated into a microfluidic channel was investigated theoretically and experimentally in detail for pH bio-sensing. Sensitivity and capability of the layer guided Love wave device was modeled using the finite element simulation. The model was verified experimentally, and a study monitoring pH of cell growth media is presented. This novel pH sensor is based on a 13.91 MHz center frequency SAW device coated with ZnO (500 nm) and IrO2 (30 nm) layers to increase the sensitivity. A change in mechanical and electrical properties of the conductive IrO2 layer was observed resulting from electrical corrosion induced by pH solutions affecting the charge distribution, SAW phase velocity and attenuation. By measuring the frequency shift induced by the change in SAW phase velocity between the test group and control group, the pH value of cell culture media from H460 cancer cell culture plates from day 0 to day 5 can easily be determined. To improve the sensitivity and stability of the sensor, a finite element method was used to optimize the layer thicknesses. Taken together, the results of experiments show the potential application of this device to be integrated with microfluidic channels and used in determining pH changes in longitudinal tumor cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Microfluidics and Acoustics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ryan Green
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Rasim Guldiken
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Microfluidics and Acoustics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Shyam Mohapatra
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Mohammadian M, Pourmehran O. CFPD simulation of magnetic drug delivery to a human lung using an SAW nebulizer. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 18:547-562. [PMID: 30506148 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is an impressive topic that attracted the attention of many scientists in various scientific communities. Magnetic drug targeting is one of the targeted drug delivery techniques, which uses the magnetic field to externally control the magnetic drug particles. In this study, we aim to assess the magnetic drug delivery to the human respiratory system using a new aerosolization technique driven by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) into a realistic lung model geometrically reconstructed using computed tomography scan images. To achieve this aim, a simulation study using computational fluid-particle dynamics considering the Lagrangian approach for particle tracking is carried out. An external magnetic field was applied to govern the Magnetit (Fe3O4) particles as the magnetic drug career. The drug particles were assumed to be spherical and inert. The effects of magnetic field intensity, magnetic source position, and SAW injection position were examined for a light breathing condition (Q = 15 L/min). Given the realistic geometry of the respiratory system and its complexity, the airflow patterns vary as it penetrates deeper into the lung and experiences many irregularities, and bending deflections exist in the airways model. High-inertia particles tend to deposit at locations where the geometry experiences a significant reduction in cross section. Our results show that the magnetic field highly affects the particle deposition efficiency for fourfold. However, the magnet and SAW injection positions have a low impact on the deposition efficiency of drug particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohammadian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kordkuy Center, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kordkuy, Iran.
| | - O Pourmehran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Liu S, Lu W, Zhu C. Research on two-port network of wavelet transform processor using surface acoustic wavelet devices and its application. Ultrasonics 2017; 81:81-85. [PMID: 28599255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to study two-port network of wavelet transform processor (WTP) using surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and its application. The motive was prompted by the inconvenience of the long research and design cycle and the huge research funding involved with traditional method in this field, which were caused by the lack of the simulation and emulation method of WTP using SAW devices. For this reason, we introduce the two-port network analysis tool, which has been widely used in the design and analysis of SAW devices with uniform interdigital transducers (IDTs). Because the admittance parameters calculation formula of the two-port network can only be used for the SAW devices with uniform IDTs, this analysis tool cannot be directly applied into the design and analysis of the processor using SAW devices, whose input interdigital transducer (IDT) is apodized weighting. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the channel segmentation method, which can convert the WTP using SAW devices into parallel channels, and also provide with the calculation formula of the number of channels, the number of finger pairs and the static capacitance of an interdigital period in each parallel channel firstly. From the parameters given above, we can calculate the admittance parameters of the two port network for each channel, so that we can obtain the admittance parameter of the two-port network of the WTP using SAW devices on the basis of the simplification rule of parallel two-port network. Through this analysis tool, not only can we get the impulse response function of the WTP using SAW devices but we can also get the matching circuit of it. Large numbers of studies show that the parameters of the two-port network obtained by this paper are consistent with those measured by network analyzer E5061A, and the impulse response function obtained by the two-port network analysis tool is also consistent with that measured by network analyzer E5061A, which can meet the accuracy requirements of the analysis of the WTP using SAW devices. Therefore the two-port network analysis tool discussed in this paper has comparatively higher theoretical and practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenke Lu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Changchun Zhu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the possibility of the temperature compensation for the surface acoustic wave (SAW) yarn tension sensor. The motivation for this work was prompted by the oscillation frequency of the SAW yarn tension sensor varying with the temperature. In this paper, we deduce the functional relationship between the temperature variation and the oscillation frequency shift caused by the temperature. This functional relationship and the temperature sensor are used to get the oscillation frequency shift caused by the temperature, so that we can use the oscillation frequency shift caused by the temperature to implement the temperature compensation of the SAW yarn tension sensor. In this paper, we also get the relative error of the temperature compensation. The theoretical and experimental results confirm that this temperature compensation method can implement the temperature compensation of the SAW yarn tension sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Lu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yang Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Changchun Zhu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jianli Zheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Abstract
Biosensors are devices that transform a biological interaction into a readout signal, which is evaluable for analytical purposes. The general strength of biosensor approaches is the avoidance of time-consuming and cost-intensive labeling procedures of the analytes. In this chapter, we give insight into a mass-sensitive surface-acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor, which represents an elegant and highly sensitive method to investigate binding events at a molecular level. The principle of SAW technology is based on the piezoelectric properties of the sensors, so as to binding events and their accompanied mass increase at the sensor surface are detectable by a change in the oscillation of the surface acoustic wave. In combination with model membranes, transferred to the sensor surface, the analytical value of SAW biosensors has strongly been increased and extended to different topics of biomedical investigations, including antibiotic research. The interaction with the bacterial membrane or certain target structures therein is the essential mode of action for various antibacterial compounds. Beside targeted interaction, an unspecific membrane binding or membrane insertion of drugs can contribute to the antibacterial activity by changing the lateral order of membrane constituents or by interfering with the membrane barrier function. Those pleiotropic effects are hardly to illustrate in the bacterial systems and need a detailed view at the in vitro level. Here, we illustrate the usefulness of a SAW biosensor in combination with model membranes to investigate the mode of membrane interaction of antibiotic active peptides. Using two different peptides we exemplary describe the interaction analysis in a two-step gain of information: (1) a binding intensity or affinity by analyzing the phase changes of oscillation, and (2) mode of membrane interaction, i.e., surface binding or internalization of the peptide by following the amplitude of oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Hoß
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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