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Lin Z, Tu B, Hemken PM, Muerhoff AS. Antibody engineering to generate anti-tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 mouse recombinant CC49 IgG with improved solubility, purity, and thermal stability. J Immunol Methods 2024; 525:113606. [PMID: 38145790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) is a mucin that is overexpressed heterogeneously on the surface of cancer cells, and is a potential target for immunotherapies for various cancer types. As a tumor marker, TAG-72 is measured with the cancer antigen (CA) 72-4 immunoassay. The murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) CC49 is a second-generation IgG that targets an antigen on TAG-72; however, CC49 has an unfavorable propensity to aggregate, which results in antibody impurity, instability, and low solubility and thus low potency and efficacy for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Sequence analysis of CC49 revealed aggregation-prone motifs in the variable domain of the light chain. Using antibody engineering approaches, we developed three aggregation-resistant CC49 mIgG2a mutants (CC49M1, CC49M2, and CC49M3). The engineered CC49 mIgG2a mutants retained compatible binding performance with a significantly higher thermal stability. The CC49 mIgG2a mutants also demonstrated an almost 15-fold improvement in solubility, with 97% purity vs 70% purity of the parent molecule at 0.3 mg/mL. The enhanced stability and improved solubility of engineered CC49 could have significant advantages for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Lin
- Biologics Discovery, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Bailin Tu
- Biologics Discovery, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Philip M Hemken
- Biologics Discovery, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, United States of America.
| | - A Scott Muerhoff
- Biologics Discovery, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, United States of America
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Hitchcock CL, Povoski SP, Mojzisik CM, Martin EW. Survival Advantage Following TAG-72 Antigen-Directed Cancer Surgery in Patients With Colorectal Carcinoma: Proposed Mechanisms of Action. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731350. [PMID: 34950576 PMCID: PMC8688248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) continue to have variable clinical outcomes despite undergoing the same surgical procedure with curative intent and having the same pathologic and clinical stage. This problem suggests the need for better techniques to assess the extent of disease during surgery. We began to address this problem 35 years ago by injecting patients with either primary or recurrent CRC with 125I-labeled murine monoclonal antibodies against the tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) and using a handheld gamma-detecting probe (HGDP) for intraoperative detection and removal of radioactive, i.e., TAG-72-positive, tissue. Data from these studies demonstrated a significant difference in overall survival data (p < 0.005 or better) when no TAG-72-positive tissue remained compared to when TAG-72-positive tissue remained at the completion of surgery. Recent publications indicate that aberrant glycosylation of mucins and their critical role in suppressing tumor-associated immune response help to explain the cellular mechanisms underlying our results. We propose that monoclonal antibodies to TAG-72 recognize and bind to antigenic epitopes on mucins that suppress the tumor-associated immune response in both the tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes. Complete surgical removal of all TAG-72-positive tissue serves to reverse the escape phase of immunoediting, allowing a resetting of this response that leads to improved overall survival of the patients with either primary or recurrent CRC. Thus, the status of TAG-72 positivity after resection has a significant impact on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Hitchcock
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephen P. Povoski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cathy M. Mojzisik
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Edward W. Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Shu R, Evtimov VJ, Hammett MV, Nguyen NYN, Zhuang J, Hudson PJ, Howard MC, Pupovac A, Trounson AO, Boyd RL. Engineered CAR-T cells targeting TAG-72 and CD47 in ovarian cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:325-341. [PMID: 33614914 PMCID: PMC7868933 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized blood cancer immunotherapy; however, their efficacy against solid tumors has been limited. A common mechanism of tumor escape from single target therapies is downregulation or mutational loss of the nominal epitope. Targeting multiple antigens may thus improve the effectiveness of CAR immunotherapies. We generated dual CAR-T cells targeting two tumor antigens: TAG-72 (tumor-associated glycoprotein 72) and CD47. TAG-72 is a pan-adenocarcinoma oncofetal antigen, highly expressed in ovarian cancers, with increased expression linked to disease progression. CD47 is ubiquitously overexpressed in multiple tumor types, including ovarian cancer; it is a macrophage “don’t eat me” signal. However, CD47 is also expressed on many normal cells. To avoid this component of the dual CAR-T cells killing healthy tissue, we designed a truncated CD47 CAR devoid of intracellular signaling domains. The CD47 CAR facilitates binding to CD47+ cells, increasing the prospect of TAG-72+ cell elimination via the TAG-72 CAR. Furthermore, we could reduce the damage to normal tissue by monomerizing the CD47 CAR. Our results indicate that the co-expression of the TAG-72 CAR and the CD47-truncated monomer CAR on T cells could be an effective, dual CAR-T cell strategy for ovarian cancer, also applicable to other adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhe Shu
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Junli Zhuang
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Avipep Pty, Ltd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan O Trounson
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Scott AM, Akhurst T, Lee FT, Ciprotti M, Davis ID, Weickhardt AJ, Gan HK, Hicks RJ, Lee ST, Kocovski P, Guo N, Oh M, Mileshkin L, Williams S, Murphy D, Pathmaraj K, O'Keefe GJ, Gong SJ, Pedersen JS, Scott FE, Wheatcroft MP, Hudson PJ. First clinical study of a pegylated diabody 124I-labeled PEG-AVP0458 in patients with tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 positive cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11404-11415. [PMID: 33052222 PMCID: PMC7545991 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through protein engineering and a novel pegylation strategy, a diabody specific to tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) (PEG-AVP0458) has been created to optimize pharmacokinetics and bioavailability to tumor. We report the preclinical and clinical translation of PEG-AVP0458 to a first-in-human clinical trial of a diabody. Methods: Clinical translation followed characterization of PEG-AVP0458 drug product and preclinical biodistribution and imaging assessments of Iodine-124 trace labeled PEG-AVP0458 (124I-PEG-AVP0458). The primary study objective of the first-in-human study was the safety of a single protein dose of 1.0 or 10 mg/m2 124I-PEG-AVP0458 in patients with TAG-72 positive relapsed/ metastatic prostate or ovarian cancer. Secondary study objectives were evaluation of the biodistribution, tumor uptake, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity. Patients were infused with a single-dose of 124I labeled PEG-AVP0458 (3-5 mCi (111-185 MBq) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, performed sequentially over a one-week period. Safety, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and immunogenicity were assessed up to 28 days after infusion. Results: PEG-AVP0458 was radiolabeled with 124I and shown to retain high TAG-72 affinity and excellent targeting of TAG-72 positive xenografts by biodistribution analysis and PET imaging. In the first-in-human trial, no adverse events or toxicity attributable to 124I-PEG-AVP0458 were observed. Imaging was evaluable in 5 patients, with rapid and highly specific targeting of tumor and minimal normal organ uptake, leading to high tumor:blood ratios. Serum concentration values of 124I-PEG-AVP0458 showed consistent values between patients, and there was no significant difference in T½α and T½β between dose levels with mean (± SD) results of T½α = 5.10 ± 4.58 hours, T½β = 46.19 ± 13.06 hours. Conclusions: These data demonstrates the safety and feasibility of using pegylated diabodies for selective tumor imaging and potential delivery of therapeutic payloads in cancer patients.
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Hollandsworth HM, Nishino H, Turner M, Amirfakhri S, Filemoni F, Hoffman RM, Yazaki PJ, Bouvet M. Humanized Fluorescent Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 Antibody Selectively Labels Colon-cancer Liver Metastases in Orthotopic Mouse Models. In Vivo 2020; 34:2303-2307. [PMID: 32871754 PMCID: PMC7652487 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Fluorescence imaging has been shown to improve intra-operative detection of liver metastasis. The present study aimed to determine whether humanized anti-TAG-72 antibody (huCC49) conjugated to a near-infrared dye provides selective labeling of colorectal-cancer liver metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Humanized anti-TAG-72 (huCC49) was conjugated to IRDye800CW (huCC49-IR800). Orthotopic liver-metastasis nude-mouse models (n=5) were established with the human colon-cancer LS174T cell-line. Three weeks later, mice were administered huCC49-IR800 and intra-vital imaging was performed 48 h later. The mean tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) was calculated. RESULTS Intra-vital imaging demonstrated clear tumor margins with minimal liver fluorescence 48 h after administration of 50 μg huCC49-IR800 with mean TLR=7.53 (SD±2.76). CONCLUSION Anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibody conjugated to IRDye800 provides distinct and bright labeling of colorectal tumors in orthotopic nude-mouse models of liver metastasis. TAG-72 may be a useful target for intra-operative imaging of colorectal cancer liver metastasis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Hollandsworth
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Filemoni Filemoni
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Minnix M, Li L, Yazaki PJ, Miller AD, Chea J, Poku E, Liu A, Wong JYC, Rockne RC, Colcher D, Shively JE. TAG-72-Targeted α-Radionuclide Therapy of Ovarian Cancer Using 225Ac-Labeled DOTAylated-huCC49 Antibody. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:55-61. [PMID: 32620701 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy, an approach using radiolabeled antibodies, has had minimal success in the clinic with several β-emitting radionuclides for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Alternatively, radioimmunotherapy with α-emitters offers the advantage of depositing much higher energy over shorter distances but was thought to be inappropriate for the treatment of solid tumors, for which antibody penetration is limited to a few cell diameters around the vascular system. However, the deposition of high-energy α-emitters to tumor markers adjacent to a typical leaky tumor vascular system may have large antitumor effects at the tumor vascular level, and their reduced penetration in normal tissue would be expected to lower off-target toxicity. Methods: To evaluate this concept, DOTAylated-huCC49 was labeled with the α-emitter 225Ac to target tumor-associated glycoprotein 72-positive xenografts in a murine model of ovarian cancer. Results: 225Ac-labeled DOTAylated-huCC49 radioimmunotherapy significantly reduced tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner (1.85, 3.7, and 7.4 kBq), with the 7.4-kBq dose extending survival by more than 3-fold compared with the untreated control. Additionally, a multitreatment regime (1.85 kBq followed by 5 weekly doses of 0.70 kBq for a total of 5.4 kBq) extended survival almost 3-fold compared with the untreated control group, without significant off-target toxicity. Conclusion: These results establish the potential for antibody-targeted α-radionuclide therapy for ovarian cancer, which may be generalized to α-radioimmunotherapy in other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Minnix
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Aaron D Miller
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Junie Chea
- Radiopharmacy, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Erasmus Poku
- Radiopharmacy, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - An Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Jeffrey Y C Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - David Colcher
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - John E Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Chakraborty S, Dlie ZY, Chakraborty S, Roy S, Mukherjee B, Besra SE, Dewanjee S, Mukherjee A, Ojha PK, Kumar V, Sen R. Aptamer-Functionalized Drug Nanocarrier Improves Hepatocellular Carcinoma toward Normal by Targeting Neoplastic Hepatocytes. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020; 20:34-49. [PMID: 32146417 PMCID: PMC7063179 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutics specifically to neoplastic hepatocytes without affecting normal hepatocytes should be a focus for potential therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aptamer TLS 9a with phosphorothioate backbone modifications (L5) has not been explored so far for preferential delivery of therapeutics in neoplastic hepatocytes to induce apoptosis. Thus, the objective of the present investigation was to compare the therapeutic potential of L5-functionalized drug nanocarrier (PTX-NPL5) with those of the other experimental drug nanocarriers functionalized by previously reported HCC cell-targeting aptamers and non-aptamer ligands, such as galactosamine and apotransferrin. A myriad of well-defined investigations such as cell cycle analysis, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) assay, and studies related to apoptosis, histopathology, and immunoblotting substantiated that PTX-NPL5 had the highest potency among the different ligand-attached experimental formulations in inducing selective apoptosis in neoplastic hepatocytes via a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. PTX-NPL5 did not produce any notable toxic effects in healthy hepatocytes, thus unveiling a new and a safer option in targeted therapy for HCC. Molecular modeling study identified two cell-surface biomarker proteins (tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 [TAG-72] and heat shock protein 70 [HSP70]) responsible for ligand-receptor interaction of L5 and preferential internalization of PTX-NPL5 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neoplastic hepatocytes. The potential of PTX-NPL5 has provided enough impetus for its rapid translation from the pre-clinical to clinical domain to establish itself as a targeted therapeutic to significantly prolong survival in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Zewdu Yilma Dlie
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Somdyuti Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Somdatta Roy
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Shila Elizabeth Besra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Alankar Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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