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Caldiroli A, Buoli M, Serati M, Cahn W, Altamura AC. General and social cognition in remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients: a comparative study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:639-47. [PMID: 27250978 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate whether both neurocognitive and social cognitive performances were different between remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients, non-remitters and healthy controls (HC). We assessed social cognition (Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task-DFAR and Emotional Mentalizing Task-EMT) and neurocognition (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Word Learning Test-WLT) in 174 remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients, 110 non-remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients and 320 HC. Multivariate analyses of variance with age, gender and IQ as covariates (MANCOVA) were performed to compare mean cognitive test scores between the three groups. Remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse than HC only in one verbal memory task (WLT immediate recall; p = 0.004); in the same test, they were significantly better than non-remitters (p = 0.027). Non-remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients, differently from remitters, performed significantly worse than HC in terms of social cognition (EMT-p < 0.05 and DFAR-p < 0.05). Remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients presented worse cognitive performance than HC in verbal memory tasks, but not in facial affect recognition and in ToM, while non-remitters did; these results suggest that neurocognitive deficits are the core hallmark of schizophrenia and that social cognition is relatively unaffected in remitted patients after their first episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caldiroli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Serati
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Im CH, Park YH, Hammel KE, Park B, Kwon SW, Ryu H, Ryu JS. Construction of a genetic linkage map and analysis of quantitative trait loci associated with the agronomically important traits of Pleurotus eryngii. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 92:50-64. [PMID: 27166667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breeding new strains with improved traits is a long-standing goal of mushroom breeders that can be expedited by marker-assisted selection (MAS). We constructed a genetic linkage map of Pleurotus eryngii based on segregation analysis of markers in postmeiotic monokaryons from KNR2312. In total, 256 loci comprising 226 simple sequence-repeat (SSR) markers, 2 mating-type factors, and 28 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers were mapped. The map consisted of 12 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1047.8cM, with an average interval length of 4.09cM. Four independent populations (Pd3, Pd8, Pd14, and Pd15) derived from crossing between four monokaryons from KNR2532 as a tester strain and 98 monokaryons from KNR2312 were used to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) for nine traits such as yield, quality, cap color, and earliness. Using composite interval mapping (CIM), 71 QTLs explaining between 5.82% and 33.17% of the phenotypic variations were identified. Clusters of more than five QTLs for various traits were identified in three genomic regions, on LGs 1, 7 and 9. Regardless of the population, 6 of the 9 traits studied and 18 of the 71 QTLs found in this study were identified in the largest cluster, LG1, in the range from 65.4 to 110.4cM. The candidate genes for yield encoding transcription factor, signal transduction, mycelial growth and hydrolase are suggested by using manual and computational analysis of genome sequence corresponding to QTL region with the highest likelihood odds (LOD) for yield. The genetic map and the QTLs established in this study will help breeders and geneticists to develop selection markers for agronomically important characteristics of mushrooms and to identify the corresponding genes.
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Courtet P, Jaussent I, Genty C, Dupuy AM, Guillaume S, Ducasse D, Olié E. Increased CRP levels may be a trait marker of suicidal attempt. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1824-31. [PMID: 26032768 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Identifying biomarkers will help enhance our understanding of suicidal pathophysiology and improve its prevention. Therefore, we investigated CRP levels in 600 depressed inpatients: 520 patients had a lifetime history of suicide attempts and 80 patients did not have any history of suicide attempts. For all patients, we assessed socio-demographic features, lifetime Axis I DSM-IV diagnoses, depression intensity, suicidal ideation, characteristics of suicidal history, and history of childhood trauma. The day following admission, fasting blood tests yielded samples collected for the measurement of high sensitivity hs-CRP. CRP levels were associated with a history of suicide attempts. The risk of suicide attempts increased with higher levels of CRP in a dose-response way before and after adjustments for age, gender, chronic diseases, addiction and anxiety comorbidities, antidepressants use, smoking status and sexual abuse. Noteworthy, the association between CRP levels and history of suicide attempts remained significant after having excluded patients with chronic diseases. There was no significant difference in CRP levels between patients who attempted suicide more or less than a week before plasma sampling, and no significant difference in CRP levels was evidenced between high vs low suicidal ideation. In conclusion, this is the first study suggesting that CRP may be a trait marker for suicidal vulnerability by associating CRP levels and a lifetime history of suicide attempts in depressed inpatients. Therefore, determining the inflammatory marker profile of individuals exhibiting suicidal behaviors could be relevant for anticipating behaviors and refining new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Courtet
- CHU Montpellier, HôpitalLapeyronie, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1061 Montpellier,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - I Jaussent
- Inserm, U1061 Montpellier,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - C Genty
- CHU Montpellier, HôpitalLapeyronie, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1061 Montpellier,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - A M Dupuy
- Inserm, U1061 Montpellier,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Biochemistry, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guillaume
- CHU Montpellier, HôpitalLapeyronie, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1061 Montpellier,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - D Ducasse
- CHU Montpellier, HôpitalLapeyronie, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1061 Montpellier,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France.
| | - E Olié
- CHU Montpellier, HôpitalLapeyronie, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1061 Montpellier,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
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Sepede G, De Berardis D, Campanella D, Perrucci MG, Ferretti A, Salerno RM, Di Giannantonio M, Romani GL, Gambi F. Neural correlates of negative emotion processing in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:1-10. [PMID: 25661850 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) is characterized by a severe impairment in emotional processing during both acute and euthymic phases of the illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate negative emotion processing in both euthymic patients and non-affected first-degree relatives, looking for state and trait markers of BD-I. METHODS 22 healthy relatives of BD-I patients (mean age 31.5±7.3 years; 15 females), 23 euthymic BD-I patients (mean age 35.2±7.9 years; 14 females), and 24 matched controls (mean age 32.5±6.2 years; 16 females) performed an IAPS-based emotional task during 1.5T fMRI. They were required to identify vegetable items (targets) inside neutral or negative pictures. RESULTS Euthymic BD-I patients showed a significant reduced accuracy in target detection during both neutral and negative images presentation, whereas first-degree relatives performed similarly to normal comparisons. We found a reduced activation of Left precuneus during negative images condition in the patients only. By contrast, both patients and relatives hyperactivated the Left insula and hypoactivated the Right supramarginal gyrus with respect to controls. Moreover, relatives showed an increased activation of Right lingual gyrus and lower activation of pre-supplementary motor area and Right superior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS During a negative emotion task, euthymic BD-I patients and non-affected first-degree relatives shared an abnormal activation of a limbic area (Left insula) coupled with a reduced activation of a parietal region (Right supramarginal gyrus), thus suggesting a trait-like anomalous processing of affective contents. On the other hand, functional abnormalities found only in unaffected relatives and not in patients and controls may correspond to resilience factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Bioengineering Unit, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Salerno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; National Health Trust, Department of Mental Health, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Gambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Allott KA, Schäfer MR, Thompson A, Nelson B, Bendall S, Bartholomeusz CF, Yuen HP, McGorry PD, Schlögelhofer M, Bechdolf A, Amminger GP. Emotion recognition as a predictor of transition to a psychotic disorder in ultra-high risk participants. Schizophr Res 2014; 153:25-31. [PMID: 24552619 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent research has shown emotion recognition to be impaired in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for developing a psychotic disorder compared to healthy controls. This longitudinal study aimed to examine whether disturbed emotion recognition measured in UHR participants at baseline predicts transition to a psychotic disorder within 12months. METHODS Thirty-seven UHR participants aged 13-22years participated in the study. At baseline participants completed face and prosody emotion recognition tasks, as well as measures of psychopathology, functioning, and IQ. Transition to a psychotic disorder over 12months was the primary outcome. A series of Cox regressions was performed with emotion recognition as the predictor variable, while controlling for covariates, with time to transition to a psychotic disorder as the dependent variable. RESULTS Eleven (29.7%) of the 37 participants transitioned to a psychotic disorder over the 12-month follow-up period. Total face or prosody emotion recognition accuracy was not predictive of transition to a psychotic disorder. However, examination of recognition of specific emotions, while controlling for positive, negative and global symptoms and functioning, revealed that accuracy in identifying neutral (p=.037) and fearful (p=.015) emotion predicted transition to a psychotic disorder. Specifically, lower accuracy in identifying neutral emotion and higher accuracy in identifying fearful emotion were predictive of transition to a psychotic disorder within 12months. Examination of the separate modalities revealed that this finding held for face but not for prosody emotion recognition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that emotion recognition abilities may be prognostic for the development of psychotic disorders, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Allott
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; East Sussex Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monika Schlögelhofer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bechdolf
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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