UvAtg8-Mediated Autophagy Regulates Fungal Growth, Stress Responses, Conidiation, and Pathogenesis in Ustilaginoidea virens

BACKGROUND

Ustilaginoidea virens has become one of the most devastating rice pathogens in China, as well as other rice-growing areas. Autophagy is an important process in normal cell differentiation and development among various organisms. To date, there has been no optimized experimental system introduced for the study of autophagy in U. virens. In addition, the function of autophagy in pathogenesis remains unknown in U. virens. Therefore, the functional analyses of UvAtg8 may potentially shed some light on the regulatory mechanism and function of autophagy in U. virens.

RESULTS

In this study, we characterized the functions of UvAtg8, which is a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScAtg8, in the rice false smut fungus U. virens. The results showed that UvATG8 is essential for autophagy in U. virens. Also, the GFP-UvATG8 strain, which could serve as an appropriate marker for monitoring autophagy in U. virens, was generated. Furthermore, this study found that the ΔUvatg8 mutant was defective in the vegetative growth, conidiation, adaption to oxidative, hyperosmotic, cell wall stresses, and production of toxic compounds. Pathogenicity assays indicated that deletion of UvATG8 resulted in significant reduction in virulence of U. virens. Further microscopic examinations of the infection processes revealed that the severe virulence defects in the ∆Uvatg8 were mainly caused by the highly reduced conidiation and secondary spore formation.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicated that the UvAtg8 is necessary for the fungal growth, stresses responses, conidiation, secondary spore formation, and pathogenicity of U. virens. Moreover, our research finding will potentially assist in further clarifying the molecular mechanism of U. virens infection, as well as provide a good marker for autophagy in U. virens and a good reference value for the further development of effective fungicides based on gene targeting.