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Robello M, Zheng H, Saha M, George Rosenker KM, Debnath S, Kumar JP, Tagad HD, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Appella DH. Alkyl-substituted N-methylaryl-N'-aryl-4-aminobenzamides: A new series of small molecule inhibitors for Wip1 phosphatase. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114763. [PMID: 36179402 PMCID: PMC9664485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a member of the serine/threonine-specific PP2C family, is overexpressed in numerous human cancers. Wip1 dephosphorylates p53 as well as several kinases (such as p38 MAPK, ATM, Chk1, and Chk2) in the DNA damage response pathway that are responsible for maintaining genomic stability and preventing oncogenic transformation. As a result, Wip1 is an attractive target for synthetic inhibitors that could be further developed into therapeutics to treat some cancers. In this study, we report a series of alkyl-substituted N-methylaryl-N'-aryl-4-aminobenzamides and their inhibitory activity of the Wip1 phosphatase. A straightforward synthetic route was developed to synthesize the target compounds from commercially available starting materials. Three different portions (R1, R2, R3) of the core scaffold were extensively modified to examine structure-activity relationships. This study revealed interesting trends about a new molecular scaffold to inhibit Wip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Robello
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Mrinmoy Saha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Kara M George Rosenker
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Jay Prakash Kumar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Harichandra D Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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Macurek L, Benada J, Müllers E, Halim VA, Krejčíková K, Burdová K, Pecháčková S, Hodný Z, Lindqvist A, Medema RH, Bartek J. Downregulation of Wip1 phosphatase modulates the cellular threshold of DNA damage signaling in mitosis. Cell Cycle 2012; 12:251-62. [PMID: 23255129 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly challenged by DNA damage and protect their genome integrity by activation of an evolutionary conserved DNA damage response pathway (DDR). A central core of DDR is composed of a spatiotemporally ordered net of post-translational modifications, among which protein phosphorylation plays a major role. Activation of checkpoint kinases ATM/ATR and Chk1/2 leads to a temporal arrest in cell cycle progression (checkpoint) and allows time for DNA repair. Following DNA repair, cells re-enter the cell cycle by checkpoint recovery. Wip1 phosphatase (also called PPM1D) dephosphorylates multiple proteins involved in DDR and is essential for timely termination of the DDR. Here we have investigated how Wip1 is regulated in the context of the cell cycle. We found that Wip1 activity is downregulated by several mechanisms during mitosis. Wip1 protein abundance increases from G(1) phase to G(2) and declines in mitosis. Decreased abundance of Wip1 during mitosis is caused by proteasomal degradation. In addition, Wip1 is phosphorylated at multiple residues during mitosis, and this leads to inhibition of its enzymatic activity. Importantly, ectopic expression of Wip1 reduced γH2AX staining in mitotic cells and decreased the number of 53BP1 nuclear bodies in G(1) cells. We propose that the combined decrease and inhibition of Wip1 in mitosis decreases the threshold necessary for DDR activation and enables cells to react adequately even to modest levels of DNA damage encountered during unperturbed mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Macurek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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