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Fort J, Nicolàs-Aragó A, Palacín M. The Ectodomains of rBAT and 4F2hc Are Fake or Orphan α-Glucosidases. Molecules 2021; 26:6231. [PMID: 34684812 PMCID: PMC8537225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that 4F2hc and rBAT are the heavy subunits of the heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs). These heavy subunits are N-glycosylated proteins, with an N-terminal domain, one transmembrane domain and a bulky extracellular domain (ectodomain) that belongs to the α-amylase family. The heavy subunits are covalently linked to a light subunit from the SLC7 family, which is responsible for the amino acid transport activity, forming a heterodimer. The functions of 4F2hc and rBAT are related mainly to the stability and trafficking of the HATs in the plasma membrane of vertebrates, where they exert the transport activity. Moreover, 4F2hc is a modulator of integrin signaling, has a role in cell fusion and it is overexpressed in some types of cancers. On the other hand, some mutations in rBAT are found to cause the malfunctioning of the b0,+ transport system, leading to cystinuria. The ectodomains of 4F2hc and rBAT share both sequence and structure homology with α-amylase family members. Very recently, cryo-EM has revealed the structure of several HATs, including the ectodomains of rBAT and 4F2hc. Here, we analyze available data on the ectodomains of rBAT and 4Fhc and their relationship with the α-amylase family. The physiological relevance of this relationship remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Fort
- Laboratory of Amino Acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- CIBERER (Centro Español en Red de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Raras), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Nicolàs-Aragó
- Laboratory of Amino Acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-A.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Laboratory of Amino Acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- CIBERER (Centro Español en Red de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Raras), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Lesponne I, Naar J, Planchon S, Serchi T, Montano M. DNA and Protein Analyses to Confirm the Absence of Cross-Contamination and Support the Clinical Reliability of Extensively Hydrolysed Diets for Adverse Food Reaction-Pets. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5030063. [PMID: 29949938 PMCID: PMC6163677 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse food reactions (AFR) are a common cause of skin diseases in cats and dogs. The correct diagnosis and management of AFR relies upon clinical nutrition. The reliability of commercial hypoallergenic diets commonly used in AFR has been questioned because studies have shown the presence of proteins not declared on the label ingredients. It is proposed that extensively hydrolysed protein-based diets constitute a reliable nutritional solution. Royal Canin Anallergenic™ Canine and Feline diets are formulated with very low molecular weight feather protein and purified corn starch. Protein gel electrophoresis and thin layer paper chromatography were used to characterize protein hydrolysis in these diets and their hydrolysed raw materials; protein species were identified by mass spectrometry. To detect cross-contaminating protein, species-specific DNA was measured and correlated with ancillary protein content using calibration curves. The only protein components detected in the extensively hydrolysed feather protein raw material were amino acids and small oligopeptides. GBSS-I (Granule-bound starch synthase 1) was detected in the finished diets; this has not been reported as a clinically apparent allergen in dogs or cats. The DNA threshold corresponding to the maximum acceptable level of ancillary protein was not exceeded in 99.9% of more than 2150 product batches tested and no products were released to the market with cross-contaminating proteins. These results demonstrate the extensive level of protein hydrolysis in Royal Canin Anallergenic™ Canine and Feline diets and the absence of cross-contaminating protein, both key requirements for a diet to be used during diagnosis and for management of pets with AFR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Naar
- Research & Development, Royal Canin SAS, 30470 Aimargues, France.
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belval, 4008 Luxembourg.
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belval, 4008 Luxembourg.
| | - Mauricio Montano
- Mars Petcare Central Laboratory, Mars Inc., 30470 Aimargues, France.
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Kendrick AA, Schafer J, Dzieciatkowska M, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Neelakantan D, Ford HL, Pearson CG, Weekes CD, Hansen KC, Eisenmesser EZ. CD147: a small molecule transporter ancillary protein at the crossroad of multiple hallmarks of cancer and metabolic reprogramming. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6742-6762. [PMID: 28039486 PMCID: PMC5341751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of CD147 in pancreatic cancer has been proposed to play a critical role in cancer progression via CD147 chaperone function for lactate monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Here, we show for the first time that CD147 interacts with membrane transporters beyond MCTs and exhibits a protective role for several of its interacting partners. CD147 prevents its interacting partner's proteasome-dependent degradation and incorrect plasma membrane localization through the CD147 transmembrane (TM) region. The interactions with transmembrane small molecule and ion transporters identified here indicate a central role of CD147 in pancreatic cancer metabolic reprogramming, particularly with respect to amino acid anabolism and calcium signaling. Importantly, CD147 genetic ablation prevents pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo in conjunction with metabolic rewiring towards amino acid anabolism, thus paving the way for future combined pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Kendrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon Schafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Deepika Neelakantan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Colin D Weekes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elan Z Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
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