Kuo F, Histed S, Xu B, Bhadrasetty V, Szajek LP, Williams MR, Wong K, Wu H, Lane K, Coble V, Vasalatiy O, Griffiths GL, Paik CH, Elbuluk O, Szot C, Chaudhary A, St Croix B, Choyke P, Jagoda EM. Immuno-PET imaging of tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8).
Mol Pharm 2014;
11:3996-4006. [PMID:
24984190 PMCID:
PMC4224515 DOI:
10.1021/mp500056d]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
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Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) is a cell surface receptor
that is highly expressed in a variety of human tumors and promotes
tumor angiogenesis and cell growth. Antibodies targeting TEM8 block
tumor angiogenesis in a manner distinct from the VEGF receptor pathway.
Development of a TEM8 imaging agent could aid in patient selection
for specific antiangiogenic therapies and for response monitoring.
In these studies, L2, a therapeutic anti-TEM8 monoclonal IgG antibody
(L2mAb), was labeled with 89Zr and evaluated in vitro and
in vivo in TEM8 expressing cells and mouse xenografts (NCI-H460, DLD-1)
as a potential TEM8 immuno-PET imaging agent. 89Zr-df–L2mAb
was synthesized using a desferioxamine–L2mAb conjugate (df–L2mAb); 125I-L2mAb was labeled directly. In vitro binding studies were
performed using human derived cell lines with high, moderate, and
low/undetectable TEM8 expression. 89Zr-df–L2mAb
in vitro autoradiography studies and CD31 IHC staining were performed
with cryosections from human tumor xenografts (NCI-H460, DLD-1, MKN-45,
U87-MG, T-47D, and A-431). Confirmatory TEM8 Western blots were performed
with the same tumor types and cells. 89Zr-df–L2mAb
biodistribution and PET imaging studies were performed in NCI-H460
and DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice. 125I-L2mAb and 89Zr-df–L2mAb exhibited specific and high affinity binding
to TEM8 that was consistent with TEM8 expression levels. In NCI-H460
and DLD-1 mouse xenografts nontarget tissue uptake of 89Zr-df–L2mAb was similar; the liver and spleen exhibited the
highest uptake at all time points. 89Zr-L2mAb was highly
retained in NCI-H460 tumors with <10% losses from day 1 to day
3 with the highest tumor to muscle ratios (T:M) occurring at day 3.
DLD-1 tumors exhibited similar pharmacokinetics, but tumor uptake
and T:M ratios were reduced ∼2-fold in comparison to NCI-H460
at all time points. NCI-H460 and DLD-1 tumors were easily visualized
in PET imaging studies despite low in vitro TEM8 expression in DLD-1
cells indicating that in vivo expression might be higher in DLD-1
tumors. From in vitro autoradiography studies 89Zr-df–L2mAb
specific binding was found in 6 tumor types (U87-MG, NCI-H460, T-47D
MKN-45, A-431, and DLD-1) which highly correlated to vessel density
(CD31 IHC). Westerns blots confirmed the presence of TEM8 in the 6
tumor types but found undetectable TEM8 levels in DLD-1 and MKN-45
cells. This data would indicate that TEM8 is associated with the tumor
vasculature rather than the tumor tissue, thus explaining the increased
TEM8 expression in DLD-1 tumors compared to DLD-1 cell cultures. 89Zr-df–L2mAb specifically targeted TEM8 in vitro and
in vivo although the in vitro expression was not necessarily predictive
of in vivo expression which seemed to be associated with the tumor
vasculature. In mouse models, 89Zr-df–L2mAb tumor
uptakes and T:M ratios were sufficient for visualization during PET
imaging. These results would suggest that a TEM8 targeted PET imaging
agent, such as 89Zr-df–L2mAb, may have potential
clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic applications by providing a quantitative
measure of tumor angiogenesis and patient selection for future TEM8
directed therapies.
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