Quantitative Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationship of Azulene Amide Derivatives.
Anticancer Res 2019;
39:3507-3518. [PMID:
31262875 DOI:
10.21873/anticanres.13497]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM
Very few studies of anticancer activity of azulene amides led us to investigate the cytotoxicity of 21 N-alkylazulene-1-carboxamides introduced either with 3-methyl [1-7], 7-isopropyl-3-methyl [8-14] or 2-methoxy group [15-21] Materials and Methods: Tumor-specificity (TS) was calculated by the ratio of mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) against three normal human oral mesenchymal cells to that against four human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Potency-selectivity expression (PSE) was calculated by dividing TS value by CC50 value against OSCC cell lines. Apoptosis-inducing activity was evaluated by caspase-3 activation and appearance of subG1 cell population.
RESULTS
[8-14] showed higher TS and PSE values, than [1-7] and [15-21] The most active compound [8-14] induced apoptosis in C9-22 OSCC cells at 4-times higher CC50 Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of [1-14] demonstrated that their tumor-specificity was correlated with chemical descriptors that explain the molecular shape and hydrophobicity.
CONCLUSION
7-Isopropyl-3-methyl-N-propylazulene-1-carboxamide [8] can be a potential candidate of lead compound for manufacturing new anticancer drug.
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