Gαs and Gαq/11 protein coupling bias of two AVPR2 mutants (R68W and V162A) that cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Loss-of-function mutations of the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 gene (AVPR2) cause Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). AVPR2 is a kind of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and mainly couples with Gαs protein leading to cAMP accumulation in the cell as a secondary messenger. Recent studies showed that some AVPR2 mutations could cause biased Gαq/11 protein coupling rather than Gαs. Investigation into the characterization of biased receptors may give insights into the relationship between the conformational change of the receptor because of the mutation and related downstream signaling. In this study, R68W and V162A were analyzed to whether they show a bias to Gαs or Gαq/11 proteins. Their functionality in terms of cAMP production via Gαs protein coupling was decreased compared to the wild-type receptor. On the other hand, they showed the ability to couple with Gαq/11 protein and make Ca²⁺ mobilization at different levels in the cell. R68W showed bias to coupling with Gαq/11 protein rather than V162A and wild-type receptor. Studies about the Gα protein coupling bias of mutant AVPR2s may broaden our understanding of the relationship between the changed conformation of the receptor and consequently activated signaling pathways, and also may shed light on the development of more effective new therapeutics.