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Kostov VB, Moore K, Tamayo D, Jayawardhana R, Rinehart SA. TATOOINE'S FUTURE: THE ECCENTRIC RESPONSE OF KEPLER'S CIRCUMBINARY PLANETS TO COMMON-ENVELOPE EVOLUTION OF THEIR HOST STARS. Astrophys J 2016; 832:183. [PMID: 32741977 PMCID: PMC7394308 DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/832/2/183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the recent Kepler discoveries of circumbinary planets orbiting nine close binary stars, we explore the fate of the former as the latter evolve off the main sequence. We combine binary star evolution models with dynamical simulations to study the orbital evolution of these planets as their hosts undergo common-envelope (CE) stages, losing in the process a tremendous amount of mass on dynamical timescales. Five of the systems experience at least one Roche-lobe overflow and CE stage (Kepler-1647 experiences three), and the binary stars either shrink to very short orbits or coalesce; two systems trigger a double-degenerate supernova explosion. Kepler's circumbinary planets predominantly remain gravitationally bound at the end of the CE phase, migrate to larger orbits, and may gain significant eccentricity; their orbital expansion can be more than an order of magnitude and can occur over the course of a single planetary orbit. The orbits these planets can reach are qualitatively consistent with those of the currently known post-CE, eclipse-time variations circumbinary candidates. Our results also show that circumbinary planets can experience both modes of orbital expansion (adiabatic and nonadiabatic) if their host binaries undergo more than one CE stage; multiplanet circumbinary systems like Kepler-47 can experience both modes during the same CE stage. Additionally, unlike Mercury orbiting the Sun, a circumbinary planet with the same semimajor axis can survive the CE evolution of a close binary star with a total mass of 1 M ⊙.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin B Kostov
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Keavin Moore
- Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Daniel Tamayo
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, 60 St. George St, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - Ray Jayawardhana
- Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Stephen A Rinehart
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Broderick JW, Fender RP, Breton RP, Stewart AJ, Rowlinson A, Swinbank JD, Hessels JWT, Staley TD, van der Horst AJ, Bell ME, Carbone D, Cendes Y, Corbel S, Eislöffel J, Falcke H, Grießmeier JM, Hassall TE, Jonker P, Kramer M, Kuniyoshi M, Law CJ, Markoff S, Molenaar GJ, Pietka M, Scheers LHA, Serylak M, Stappers BW, Ter Veen S, van Leeuwen J, Wijers RAMJ, Wijnands R, Wise MW, Zarka P. Low-radio-frequency eclipses of the redback pulsar J2215+5135 observed in the image plane with LOFAR. Mon Not R Astron Soc 2016; 459:2681-2689. [PMID: 27279782 DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The eclipses of certain types of binary millisecond pulsars (i.e. 'black widows' and 'redbacks') are often studied using high-time-resolution, 'beamformed' radio observations. However, they may also be detected in images generated from interferometric data. As part of a larger imaging project to characterize the variable and transient sky at radio frequencies <200 MHz, we have blindly detected the redback system PSR J2215+5135 as a variable source of interest with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). Using observations with cadences of two weeks - six months, we find preliminary evidence that the eclipse duration is frequency dependent (∝ν-0.4), such that the pulsar is eclipsed for longer at lower frequencies, in broad agreement with beamformed studies of other similar sources. Furthermore, the detection of the eclipses in imaging data suggests an eclipsing medium that absorbs the pulsed emission, rather than scattering it. Our study is also a demonstration of the prospects of finding pulsars in wide-field imaging surveys with the current generation of low-frequency radio telescopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Broderick
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands
| | - R P Fender
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - R P Breton
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - A J Stewart
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - A Rowlinson
- ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J D Swinbank
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J W T Hessels
- ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T D Staley
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - A J van der Horst
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - M E Bell
- CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D Carbone
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Cendes
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Corbel
- Laboratoire AIM (CEA/IRFU - CNRS/INSU - Université Paris Diderot), CEA DSM/IRFU/SAp, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, USR 704 - Univ. Orléans, OSUC, F-18330 Nançay, France
| | - J Eislöffel
- Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
| | - H Falcke
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands
| | - J-M Grießmeier
- LPC2E - Université d'Orléans/CNRS, F-45071 Orléans cedex 2, France; Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, USR 704 - Univ. Orléans, OSUC, F-18330 Nançay, France
| | - T E Hassall
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - P Jonker
- SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Kuniyoshi
- NAOJ Chile Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - C J Law
- Department of Astronomy and Radio Astronomy Lab, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Markoff
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G J Molenaar
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - M Pietka
- Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - L H A Scheers
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Science Park 123, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Serylak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; SKA South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405, South Africa
| | - B W Stappers
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Ter Veen
- ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands
| | - J van Leeuwen
- ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R A M J Wijers
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Wijnands
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W Wise
- ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Zarka
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, USR 704 - Univ. Orléans, OSUC, F-18330 Nançay, France
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