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Andreo-Vidal A, Yushchuk O, Marinelli F, Binda E. Cross-Talking of Pathway-Specific Regulators in Glycopeptide Antibiotics (Teicoplanin and A40926) Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040641. [PMID: 37107003 PMCID: PMC10135024 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Teicoplanin and A40926 (natural precursor of dalbavancin) are clinically relevant glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus NRRL B-16726 and Nonomuraea gerenzanensis ATCC 39727. Their biosynthetic enzymes are coded within large biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), named tei for teicoplanin and dbv for A40926, whose expression is strictly regulated by pathway-specific transcriptional regulators (PSRs), coded by cluster-situated regulatory genes (CSRGs). Herein, we investigated the "cross-talk" between the CSRGs from tei and dbv, through the analysis of GPA production levels in A. teichomyceticus and N. gerenzanensis strains, with knockouts of CSRGs cross-complemented by the expression of heterologous CSRGs. We demonstrated that Tei15* and Dbv4 StrR-like PSRs, although orthologous, were not completely interchangeable: tei15* and dbv4 were only partially able or unable to cross-complement N. gerenzanensis knocked out in dbv4 and A. teichomyceticus knocked out in tei15*, implying that the DNA-binding properties of these PSRs are more different in vivo than it was believed before. At the same time, the unrelated LuxR-like PSRs Tei16* and Dbv3 were able to cross-complement corresponding N. gerenzanensis knocked out in dbv3 and A. teichomyceticus knocked out in tei16*. Moreover, the heterologous expression of dbv3 in A. teichomyceticus led to a significant increase in teicoplanin production. Although the molecular background of these events merits further investigations, our results contribute to a deeper understanding of GPA biosynthesis regulation and offer novel biotechnological tools to improve their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Andreo-Vidal
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Yushchuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Binda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Liu M, Wang K, Wei J, Liu N, Niu G, Tan H, Huang Y. Comparative and Functional Analyses Reveal Conserved and Variable Regulatory Systems That Control Lasalocid Biosynthesis in Different Streptomyces Species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0385222. [PMID: 36847561 PMCID: PMC10100954 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03852-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasalocid, a representative polyether ionophore, has been successfully applied in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry and also displays promising potential for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the regulatory system governing lasalocid biosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we identified two conserved (lodR2 and lodR3) and one variable (lodR1, found only in Streptomyces sp. strain FXJ1.172) putative regulatory genes through a comparison of the lasalocid biosynthetic gene cluster (lod) from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172 with those (las and lsd) from Streptomyces lasalocidi. Gene disruption experiments demonstrated that both lodR1 and lodR3 positively regulate lasalocid biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172, while lodR2 plays a negative regulatory role. To unravel the regulatory mechanism, transcriptional analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) along with footprinting experiments were performed. The results revealed that LodR1 and LodR2 could bind to the intergenic regions of lodR1-lodAB and lodR2-lodED, respectively, thereby repressing the transcription of the lodAB and lodED operons, respectively. The repression of lodAB-lodC by LodR1 likely boosts lasalocid biosynthesis. Furthermore, LodR2 and LodE constitute a repressor-activator system that senses changes in intracellular lasalocid concentrations and coordinates its biosynthesis. LodR3 could directly activate the transcription of key structural genes. Comparative and parallel functional analyses of the homologous genes in S. lasalocidi ATCC 31180T confirmed the conserved roles of lodR2, lodE, and lodR3 in controlling lasalocid biosynthesis. Intriguingly, the variable gene locus lodR1-lodC from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172 seems functionally conserved when introduced into S. lasalocidi ATCC 31180T. Overall, our findings demonstrate that lasalocid biosynthesis is tightly controlled by both conserved and variable regulators, providing valuable guidance for further improving lasalocid production. IMPORTANCE Compared to its elaborated biosynthetic pathway, the regulation of lasalocid biosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we characterize the roles of regulatory genes in lasalocid biosynthetic gene clusters of two distinct Streptomyces species and identify a conserved repressor-activator system, LodR2-LodE, which could sense changes in the concentration of lasalocid and coordinate its biosynthesis with self-resistance. Furthermore, in parallel, we verify that the regulatory system identified in a new Streptomyces isolate is valid in the industrial lasalocid producer and thus applicable for the construction of high-yield strains. These findings deepen our understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in the production of polyether ionophores and provide novel clues for the rational design of industrial strains for scaled-up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kairui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huarong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Zhou F, Liu X, Zhang H, Yan T, Sun Y, Shi K, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Shan D, Bai Y, Guo Y, Kong J. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5-mediated suppression of melatonin biosynthesis is alleviated by darkness and promotes cotyledon opening. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:4941-4953. [PMID: 35580847 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) biosynthesis in plants is induced by darkness and high-intensity light; however, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms and upstream signalling pathways are unknown. We identified a dark-induced and highly expressed melatonin synthetase in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSNAT6, encoding serotonin N-acetyltransferase. We assessed melatonin content and AtSNAT6 expression in mutants lacking key regulators of light/dark signalling. AtCOP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) and AtHY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5), which control light/dark transition and photomorphogenesis, promoted and suppressed melatonin biosynthesis, respectively. Using EMSA and ChIP-qPCR analysis, we showed that AtHY5 inhibits AtSNAT6 expression directly. An analysis of melatonin content in snat6 hy5 double mutant and AtHY5+AtSNAT6-overexpressing plants confirmed the regulatory function of AtHY5 and AtSNAT6 in melatonin biosynthesis. Exogenous melatonin further inhibited cotyledon opening in hy5 mutant and AtSNAT6-overexpressing seedlings, but partially reversed the promotion of cotyledon opening in AtHY5-overexpressing seedlings and snat6. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AtSNAT6 increased cotyledon opening in hy5 mutant, and overexpression of AtSNAT6 decreased cotyledon opening in AtHY5-overexpressing seedlings via changing melatonin biosynthesis, confirming that AtHY5 decreased melatonin-mediated inhibition of cotyledon opening. Our data provide new insights into the regulation of melatonin biosynthesis and its function in cotyledon opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang S, Fang X, Tang Q, Ge J, Wang Y, Zhang X. CpxR negatively regulates the production of xenocoumacin 1, a dihydroisocoumarin derivative produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00674. [PMID: 29888873 PMCID: PMC6391269 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1), a major antimicrobial compound produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila, has great potential for use in agricultural productions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CpxR, a global response regulator associated with the mutualism and pathogenesis of X. nematophila, on the antimicrobial activity and Xcn1 production. The mutation of cpxR could promote the production of Xcn1 significantly with its level in ΔcpxR mutant being 3.07 times higher than that in the wild type. Additionally, the expression levels of xcnA‐L genes, which are responsible for the production of Xcn1, were increased in ΔcpxR mutant while the expression levels of xcnMN, which are required for the conversion of Xcn1 into Xcn2 was reduced. Noticeably, Xcn2 was also enhanced on account of the conversion of excessive Xcn1 in spite of low expression levels of xcnM and xcnN in ΔcpxR mutant. The transcriptional levels of ompR and lrp, encoding the global response regulators OmpR and Lrp which negatively and positively regulate the production of Xcn1 were concurrently decreased and increased, respectively. Correspondingly, ΔcpxR mutant also exhibited increased antimicrobial activities in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that CpxR negatively regulates xcnA‐L genes expression while positively regulating xcnMN expression in X. nematophila YL001, which led to a high yield of Xcn1 in ΔcpxR mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Qian Tang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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