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Lacal JC, Zimmerman T, Campos JM. Choline Kinase: An Unexpected Journey for a Precision Medicine Strategy in Human Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:788. [PMID: 34070409 PMCID: PMC8226952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (ChoK) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphorylcholine (PCho) in the presence of ATP and magnesium. ChoK is required for the synthesis of key membrane phospholipids and is involved in malignant transformation in a large variety of human tumours. Active compounds against ChoK have been identified and proposed as antitumor agents. The ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of symmetrical bispyridinium and bisquinolinium compounds have been defined using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and structural parameters. The design strategy followed in the development of the most active molecules is presented. The selective anticancer activity of these structures is also described. One promising anticancer compound has even entered clinical trials. Recently, ChoKα inhibitors have also been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against parasites, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes, and pathogenic bacteria. The evidence for ChoKα as a novel drug target for approaches in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lacal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz, IDIPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/Campus de Cartuja, s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Wein T, Wanner KT, Rappenglück S, Sichler S, Niessen KV, Seeger T, Worek F, Thiermann H. New Resensitizers for the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Modeling. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019; 15:104-109. [PMID: 29968541 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666180703120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irreversible inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase upon intoxication with organophosphorus compounds leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and a subsequent desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which may ultimately result in respiratory failure. A direct intervention at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach to the treatment with atropine and oximes. METHODS The bispyridinium compound MB327 has been found to recover functional activity of nAChR thus representing a promising starting point for the development of new drugs for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Recent solid-supported membrane-based electrophysiological experiments have identified symmetrically substituted bispyridinium compounds e.g. MB327, MB583, and PTM0001 that are able to resensitize nAChR of Torpedo californica. In addition, six compounds have been found not to show any resensitizing potential and were thus classified as inactive. This set of active and inactive bispyridinium compounds was taken to develop a pharmacophore model and in silico screening of a virtual database of bispyridinium compounds to identify new compounds that are able to restore the functional activity of desensitized nAChR. RESULTS Screening of a virtual compound database of symmetrically substituted bispyridinium compounds with the derived pharmacophore yielded several promising compounds which satisfy the pharmacophore and ought to have the same or even better resensitizing effect on nAChR as the parent compound MB327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wein
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rappenglück
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Sichler
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karin V Niessen
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeger
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
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Obando D, Koda Y, Pantarat N, Lev S, Zuo X, Bijosono Oei J, Widmer F, Djordjevic JT, Sorrell TC, Jolliffe KA. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Bis(pentylpyridinium) Compounds as Antifungal Agents. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1421-1436. [PMID: 29781143 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of bis(4-pentylpyridinium) compounds with a variety of spacers between the pyridinium headgroups was synthesised, and the antifungal activity of these compounds was investigated. Lengthening the alkyl spacer between the pentylpyridinium headgroups from 12 to 16 methylene units resulted in increased antifungal activity against C. neoformans and C. albicans, but also resulted in increased hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. However, inclusion of an ortho-substituted benzene ring in the centre of the alkyl spacer resulted in decreased cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, while maintaining antifungal potency. Replacement of the alkyl and aromatic-containing spacers by more hydrophilic ethylene glycol groups resulted in a loss of antifungal activity. Some of the compounds inhibited fungal PLB1 activity, but the low correlation of this inhibition with antifungal potency indicates PLB1 inhibition is unlikely to be the predominant mode of antifungal action of this class of compounds, with preliminary studies suggesting they may act via disruption of fungal mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Obando
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasuko Koda
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Namfon Pantarat
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Lev
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Zuo
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Johanes Bijosono Oei
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Fred Widmer
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Julianne T Djordjevic
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
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