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Toth RK, Tran JD, Muldong MT, Nollet EA, Schulz VV, Jensen CC, Hazlehurst LA, Corey E, Durden D, Jamieson C, Miranti CK, Warfel NA. Hypoxia-induced PIM kinase and laminin-activated integrin α6 mediate resistance to PI3K inhibitors in bone-metastatic CRPC. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2019; 7:297-312. [PMID: 31511835 PMCID: PMC6734039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is lethal due to inherent resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Despite the fact that a majority of CRPC patients (approximately 70%) harbor a constitutively active PI3K survival pathway, targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway has failed to increase overall survival in clinical trials. Here, we identified two separate and independent survival pathways induced by the bone tumor microenvironment that are hyperactivated in CRPC and confer resistance to PI3K inhibitors. The first pathway involves integrin α6β1-mediated adhesion to laminin and the second involves hypoxia-induced expression of PIM kinases. In vitro and in vivo models demonstrate that these pathways transduce parallel but independent signals that promote survival by reducing oxidative stress and preventing cell death. We further demonstrate that both pathways drive resistance to PI3K inhibitors in PTEN-negative tumors. These results provide preclinical evidence that combined inhibition of integrin α6β1 and PIM kinase in CRPC is required to overcome tumor microenvironment-mediated resistance to PI3K inhibitors in PTEN-negative tumors within the hypoxic and laminin-rich bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Toth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Prostate Cancer Group, University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jack D Tran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Prostate Cancer Group, University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michelle T Muldong
- Department of Urology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Nollet
- Van Andel Research Institute, Cancer Biology ProgramGrand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Veronique V Schulz
- Van Andel Research Institute, Cancer Biology ProgramGrand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Corbin C Jensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Prostate Cancer Group, University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lori A Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University Cancer InstituteMorgantown, WV, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald Durden
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Christina Jamieson
- Department of Urology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Prostate Cancer Group, University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ, USA
- Van Andel Research Institute, Cancer Biology ProgramGrand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Noel A Warfel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Prostate Cancer Group, University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ, USA
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Song Y, Kim JS, Choi EK, Kim J, Kim KM, Seo HR. TGF-β-independent CTGF induction regulates cell adhesion mediated drug resistance by increasing collagen I in HCC. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21650-21662. [PMID: 28423507 PMCID: PMC5400613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and remains an unmet medical need. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism of cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance using a variety of HCC spheroid models to overcome environment-mediated drug resistance in HCC. We classified spheroids into two groups, tightly compacted and loosely compacted aggregates, based on investigation of dynamics of spheroid formation. Our results show that compactness of HCC spheroids correlated with fibroblast-like characteristics, collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) content, and capacity for chemoresistance. We also showed that ablation of COL1A1 attenuated not only the capacity for compact-spheroid formation, but also chemoresistance. Generally, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) acts downstream of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and promotes collagen I fiber deposition in the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, we found that TGF-β-independent CTGF is upregulated and regulates cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance by inducing COL1A1 in tightly compacted HCC spheroids. Furthermore, losartan, which inhibits collagen I synthesis, impaired the compactness of spheroids via disruption of cell-cell contacts and increased the efficacy of anticancer therapeutics in HCC cell line- and HCC patient-derived tumor spheroids. These results strongly suggest functional roles for CTGF-induced collagen I expression in formation of compact spheroids and in evading anticancer therapies in HCC, and suggest that losartan, administered in combination with conventional chemotherapy, might be an effective treatment for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhwa Song
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Korea.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Korea
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