Biomaterials That Induce Immunogenic Cell Death

The immune system takes part in most physiological and pathological processes of the body, including the occurrence and development of cancer. Immunotherapy provides a promising modality for inhibition and even the cure of cancer. During immunotherapy, the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, bioactive materials, and so forth, triggers a series of cellular responses by causing the release of tumor-associated antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns, which ultimately activate innate and adaptive immune responses. Among them, the ICD-induced biomaterials attract increasing conditions as a benefit of biosafety and multifunctional modifications. This Review summarizes the research progress in biomaterials for inducing ICD via triggering endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell membrane rupture and discusses the application prospects of ICD-inducing biomaterials in clinical practice for cancer immunotherapy.

The low-field NMR studies the change in cellular water in tilapia fillet tissue during different drying conditions

The muscle is a highly organized tissue, where there are three different moistures including free water, entrapped water, and bound water. These moistures were distributed in intercellular spaces, intracellular spaces, and other solute environments, respectively. Understanding the moisture migration in different environments is crucial to enhance energy efficiency and improve the quality of processed food. Therefore, the tilapia fillets were used to experiment, and the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technique is used to measure the change in different moistures during the drying process. The study found that free water is the highest when cell membranes started to rupture. In addition, it also observed that the cell membrane ruptures at different stages of drying. The result of this study provides critical information that could be used to guide the study of the dynamic mechanisms underlying drying and the development of drying technology for tilapia fillets and similar aquatic products.