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Fahy WD, Wania F, Abbatt JPD. When Does Multiphase Chemistry Influence Indoor Chemical Fate? Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4257-4267. [PMID: 38380897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Human chemical exposure often occurs indoors, where large variability in contaminant concentrations and indoor chemical dynamics make assessments of these exposures challenging. A major source of uncertainty lies in the rates of chemical transformations which, due to high surface-to-volume ratios and rapid air change rates relative to rates of gas-phase reactions indoors, are largely gas-surface multiphase processes. It remains unclear how important such chemistry is in controlling indoor chemical lifetimes and, therefore, human exposure to both parent compounds and transformation products. We present a multimedia steady-state fugacity-based model to assess the importance of multiphase chemistry relative to cleaning and mass transfer losses, examine how the physicochemical properties of compounds and features of the indoor environment affect these processes, and investigate uncertainties pertaining to indoor multiphase chemistry and chemical lifetimes. We find that multiphase reactions can play an important role in chemical fate indoors for reactive compounds with low volatility, i.e., octanol-air equilibrium partitioning ratios (Koa) above 108, with the impact of this chemistry dependent on chemical identity, oxidant type and concentration, and other parameters. This work highlights the need for further research into indoor chemical dynamics and multiphase chemistry to constrain human exposure to chemicals in the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Fahy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Frank Wania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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White AM, Van Frost SR, Jauquet JM, Magness AM, McMahon KD, Remucal CK. Quantifying the Role of Simultaneous Transformation Pathways in the Fate of the Novel Aquatic Herbicide Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:12421-12430. [PMID: 37552855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the fate of organic compounds in the environment is challenging due to the inability of laboratory studies to replicate field conditions. We used the intentionally applied aquatic herbicide florpyrauxifen-benzyl (FPB) as a model compound to investigate the contribution of multiple transformation pathways to organic compound fate in lakes. FPB persisted in five Wisconsin lakes for 5-7 days with an in-lake half-life of <2 days. FPB formed four transformation products, with the bioactive product florpyrauxifen persisting up to 30 days post-treatment. Parallel laboratory experiments showed that FPB degrades to florpyrauxifen via base-promoted hydrolysis. Hydroxy-FPB and hydroxy-florpyrauxifen were identified as biodegradation products, while dechloro-FPB was identified as a photoproduct. Material balance calculations using both laboratory rates and field product concentrations demonstrated that hydrolysis (∼47% of loss), biodegradation (∼20%), sorption (∼13%), and photodegradation (∼4%) occurred on similar timescales. Furthermore, the combined results demonstrated that abiotic and plant-catalyzed hydrolysis of FPB to florpyrauxifen, followed by biodegradation of florpyrauxifen to hydroxy-florpyrauxifen, was the dominant transformation pathway in lakes. This study demonstrates how combined field and laboratory studies can be used to elucidate the role of simultaneous and interacting pathways in the fate of organic compounds in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M White
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sydney R Van Frost
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Josie M Jauquet
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Angela M Magness
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Katherine D McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christina K Remucal
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Sigmund G, Arp HPH, Aumeier BM, Bucheli TD, Chefetz B, Chen W, Droge STJ, Endo S, Escher BI, Hale SE, Hofmann T, Pignatello J, Reemtsma T, Schmidt TC, Schönsee CD, Scheringer M. Sorption and Mobility of Charged Organic Compounds: How to Confront and Overcome Limitations in Their Assessment. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:4702-4710. [PMID: 35353522 PMCID: PMC9022425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Permanently charged and ionizable organic compounds (IOC) are a large and diverse group of compounds belonging to many contaminant classes, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and natural toxins. Sorption and mobility of IOCs are distinctively different from those of neutral compounds. Due to electrostatic interactions with natural sorbents, existing concepts for describing neutral organic contaminant sorption, and by extension mobility, are inadequate for IOC. Predictive models developed for neutral compounds are based on octanol-water partitioning of compounds (Kow) and organic-carbon content of soil/sediment, which is used to normalize sorption measurements (KOC). We revisit those concepts and their translation to IOC (Dow and DOC) and discuss compound and soil properties determining sorption of IOC under water saturated conditions. Highlighting possible complementary and/or alternative approaches to better assess IOC mobility, we discuss implications on their regulation and risk assessment. The development of better models for IOC mobility needs consistent and reliable sorption measurements at well-defined chemical conditions in natural porewater, better IOC-, as well as sorbent characterization. Such models should be complemented by monitoring data from the natural environment. The state of knowledge presented here may guide urgently needed future investigations in this field for researchers, engineers, and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sigmund
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Hans Peter H. Arp
- Norwegian
Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930 Ullevaal Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Benedikt M. Aumeier
- RWTH
Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Mies-van-der-Rohe Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Benny Chefetz
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences; Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Wei Chen
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Steven T. J. Droge
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Health
and Environmental Risk Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, 305-8506 Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoser Strasse 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental
Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Hale
- Norwegian
Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930 Ullevaal Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Joseph Pignatello
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven; 123 Huntington St., New Haven, Connecticut 06504-1106, United States
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University
of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse
3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten C. Schmidt
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research
(ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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