Myllykoski M, Raasakka A, Lehtimäki M, Han H, Kursula I, Kursula P. Crystallographic analysis of the reaction cycle of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, a unique member of the 2H phosphoesterase family.
J Mol Biol 2013;
425:4307-22. [PMID:
23831225 PMCID:
PMC7094350 DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2013.06.012]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
2H phosphoesterases catalyze reactions on nucleotide substrates and contain two conserved histidine residues in the active site. Very limited information is currently available on the details of the active site and substrate/product binding during the catalytic cycle of these enzymes. We performed a comprehensive X-ray crystallographic study of mouse 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), a membrane-associated enzyme present at high levels in the tetrapod myelin sheath. We determined crystal structures of the CNPase phosphodiesterase domain complexed with substrate, product, and phosphorothioate analogues. The data provide detailed information on the CNPase reaction mechanism, including substrate binding mode and coordination of the nucleophilic water molecule. Linked to the reaction, an open/close motion of the β5–α7 loop is observed. The role of the N terminus of helix α7—unique for CNPase in the 2H family—during the reaction indicates that 2H phosphoesterases differ in their respective reaction mechanisms despite the conserved catalytic residues. Furthermore, based on small-angle X-ray scattering, we present a model for the full-length enzyme, indicating that the two domains of CNPase form an elongated molecule. Finally, based on our structural data and a comprehensive bioinformatics study, we discuss the conservation of CNPase in various organisms.
A detailed structural analysis of the CNPase catalytic cycle was carried out.
Complexes with substrates, products, and analogues highlight roles for a nearby helix and loop in the reaction mechanism.
The full-length CNPase adopts an elongated conformation in solution.
CNPase is a unique member of the 2H family, and the results will help understand its physiological significance.
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