Radiological and pathological characteristics of synovial hemangioma of the knee

Synovial hemangioma, a rare benign tumor that occurs most frequently in the knee in children and young adults, has four histological subtypes: Venous, arteriovenous, cavernous and capillary hemangiomas. Since the clinical presentation and radiological findings of synovial hemangioma are non-specific, there is frequently a long period between the onset and the diagnosis. The cases of nine patients, pathologically diagnosed with synovial hemangioma and surgically treated, were retrospectively analyzed. All nine patients had persistent knee pain. In addition, three patients also had a swollen knee with intra-articular hemorrhage. Plain radiography revealed intra-articular phleboliths in two patients. In seven patients, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed low signal intensity with small signal voids. On T2-weighted imaging, all patients showed high signal intensity containing small signal voids. All patients underwent surgical excision; there was no postoperative recurrence after the final operation, and the knee pain had disappeared at the final follow-up. From the pathological findings, the diagnoses were venous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma and capillary hemangioma (three patients each).

Diffuse-type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Invading the Temporal Bone: Three Cases

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TSGCT) is a destructive benign tumor-like proliferative disease that occurs in synovial tissue characterized by villous nodular hyperplasia of joints, tendon sheaths, and synovium. D-TSGCT invading the temporal bone originating from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is very rare. Here, we report 3 cases of temporal bone D-TSGCT originating from the TMJ. The tumors in the three cases were originating from the TMJ and further invading the middle ear, the carotid foramen or the temporal lobe respectively. The second patient clearly involved the carotid foramen. The third patient clearly affected the temporal lobe. Lesions were completely removed in 3 cases, and all 3 patients were followed up for 30, 20, and 7 months, and none had recurrence. There are very few reports describing such cases. Although this report is not representative of most scenarios, there is still a potential that it provides a relatively reliable surgical idea for similar cases.