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Sotnikov SV, Markt PO, Malik V, Chekmareva NY, Naik RR, Sah A, Singewald N, Holsboer F, Czibere L, Landgraf R. Bidirectional rescue of extreme genetic predispositions to anxiety: impact of CRH receptor 1 as epigenetic plasticity gene in the amygdala. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e359. [PMID: 24518397 PMCID: PMC3944631 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuum of physiological anxiety up to psychopathology is not merely dependent on genes, but is orchestrated by the interplay of genetic predisposition, gene x environment and epigenetic interactions. Accordingly, inborn anxiety is considered a polygenic, multifactorial trait, likely to be shaped by environmentally driven plasticity at the genomic level. We here took advantage of the extreme genetic predisposition of the selectively bred high (HAB) and low anxiety (LAB) mouse model exhibiting high vs low anxiety-related behavior and tested whether and how beneficial (enriched environment) vs detrimental (chronic mild stress) environmental manipulations are capable of rescuing phenotypes from both ends of the anxiety continuum. We provide evidence that (i) even inborn and seemingly rigid behavioral and neuroendocrine phenotypes can bidirectionally be rescued by appropriate environmental stimuli, (ii) corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1), critically involved in trait anxiety, shows bidirectional alterations in its expression in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) upon environmental stimulation, (iii) these alterations are linked to an increased methylation status of its promoter and, finally, (iv) binding of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) to the Crhr1 promoter contributes to its gene expression in a methylation-sensitive manner. Thus, Crhr1 in the BLA is critically involved as plasticity gene in the bidirectional epigenetic rescue of extremes in trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Sotnikov
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 80804 Munich, Germany. E-mail: or
| | - P O Markt
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 80804 Munich, Germany. E-mail: or
| | - V Malik
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - N Y Chekmareva
- Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R R Naik
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Centre for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Centre for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Holsboer
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - L Czibere
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - R Landgraf
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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de Dios Barajas-López J, Serrato AJ, Cazalis R, Meyer Y, Chueca A, Reichheld JP, Sahrawy M. Circadian regulation of chloroplastic f and m thioredoxins through control of the CCA1 transcription factor. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:2039-51. [PMID: 21196476 PMCID: PMC3060684 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplastic thioredoxins f and m (TRX f and TRX m) mediate light regulation of carbon metabolism through the activation of Calvin cycle enzymes. The role of TRX f and m in the activation of Calvin cycle enzymes is best known among the TRX family. However, the discoveries of new potential targets extend the functions of chloroplastic TRXs to other processes in non-photosynthetic tissues. As occurs with numerous chloroplast proteins, their expression comes under light regulation. Here, the focus is on the light regulation of TRX f and TRX m in pea and Arabidopsis during the day/night cycle that is maintained during the subjective night. In pea (Pisum sativum), TRX f and TRX m1 expression is shown to be governed by a circadian oscillation exerted at both the transcriptional and protein levels. Binding shift assays indicate that this control probably involves the interaction of the CCA1 transcription factor and an evening element (EE) located in the PsTRX f and PsTRX m1 promoters. In Arabidopsis, among the multigene family of TRX f and TRX m, AtTRX f2 and AtTRX m2 mRNA showed similar circadian oscillatory regulation, suggesting that such regulation is conserved in plants. However, this oscillation was disrupted in plants overexpressing CCA1 (cca1-ox) or repressing CCA1 and LHY (cca1-lhy). The physiological role of the oscillatory regulation of chloroplastic TRX f and TRX m in plants during the day/night cycle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roland Cazalis
- Université de Namur, URBV, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Yves Meyer
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, UMR 5096 CNRS-UP-IRD, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Ana Chueca
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Jean Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, UMR 5096 CNRS-UP-IRD, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Abstract
This study was designed to get an "insider's view" of expressed emotion (EE) from the perspective of schizophrenic patients. Thirty-two patient and "influential other" pairs participated in the study. Patients' perceptions of EE attitudes in influential others were examined to determine whether they corresponded with actual EE ratings. Patients also rated how "stressed" they felt when interacting with their influential others, and patients' general sensitivity to criticism (STC) was assessed. As predicted, patients' perceptions of critical attitudes were related to actual EE ratings of criticism, although patients' perceptions of emotional overinvolvement (EOI) were not related to EOI ratings. Patients reported feeling more stressed when interacting with high-EE influential others, supporting an "EE as stressor" hypothesis. Finally, patients' STC influenced the level of stress they reported.
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