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Li Y, Liu A, Zhang L, Wang Z, Hui N, Zhai Q, Zhang L, Jin Z, Jin F. Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez Provide a Favorable Microenvironment for Ameliorating the Impaired Osteogenic Potential of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735234. [PMID: 34707510 PMCID: PMC8542701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stromal/stem cells (PDLSCs) are ideal candidates for periodontal regeneration and are of significant importance in clinical practice. However, PDLSCs derived from diseased microenvironments exert impaired behavior, which leads to the failure of periodontal regeneration. The epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), which are involved in periodontal homeostasis, are residual cells from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS). However, the function of ERM remains largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ERM on the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs from an impaired microenvironment. PDLSCs from healthy donors (H-PDLSCs), periodontitis donors (P-PDLSCs) and human ERM were harvested. Osteogenic evaluation showed a lower osteogenic potential of P-PDLSCs compared to that of H-PDLSCs. Then, we co-cultured ERM with P-PDLSCs, and the data showed that ERM promoted the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins in P-PDLSCs. In addition, we collected the PDLSCs from aged donors (A-PDLSCs) and analyzed the osteogenesis capacity of the A-PDLSCs and A-PDLSCs + ERM groups, which displayed similar results to P-PDLSCs. Finally, we evaluated the Wnt pathway, which is associated with osteogenic differentiation of stromal/stem cells, in A-PDLSCs + ERM and P-PDLSCs + ERM groups, which indicated that suppression of the Wnt pathway may result in an increase in the osteogenic properties of A-PDLSCs + ERM and P-PDLSCs + ERM groups. Taken together, the above findings shed new light on the function of ERM and provide a novel therapeutic for optimizing PDLSCs-based periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, The 985 Hospital of PLA, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nana Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuolin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Sako R, Kobayashi F, Aida N, Furusawa M, Muramatsu T. Response of porcine epithelial rests of Malassez to stimulation by interleukin-6. Int Endod J 2017; 51:431-437. [PMID: 28898425 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the proliferation and migration of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) after stimulation with IL-6. METHODOLOGY Porcine-derived ERM were seeded on Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium, and IL-6 (100 pg mL-1 ) was incorporated into the culture medium. The WST-1 assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation, and absorption was measured at 450 nm. A wound-healing assay and immunofluorescence assay for integrin α3 were conducted to investigate migration. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction were used to analyse data of WST-1 and wound-healing assays. RESULTS Cell proliferation following the stimulation by IL-6 increased over time, with a significant increase being observed at 6 h (P < 0.05), but not in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell proliferation was significantly greater in IL-6-treated ERM than in nontreated ERM (P < 0.05). The results of the wound-healing assay revealed earlier closure in IL-6-treated ERM (P < 0.05). In the immunofluorescence assay, integrin α3 was detected at the edge of cell processes adjacent to the wound area. A neutralized antibody abrogated the effects of the IL-6 stimulation in cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION IL-6 promoted the proliferation and migration of porcine ERM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sako
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Kobayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Aida
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Aida N, Ushikubo T, Kobayashi F, Sako R, Suehara M, Furusawa M, Muramatsu T. Actin stabilization induces apoptosis in cultured porcine epithelial cell rests of Malassez. Int Endod J 2015; 49:663-9. [PMID: 26118334 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test whether actin stabilization by jasplakinolide induces inhibition of cell viability and apoptosis in epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM). METHODOLOGY ERM derived from porcine were spread in a 96-well dish (5 × 10(4) /well) using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. The actin-specific stabilization reagent, jasplakinolide, was incorporated into the culture medium and incubated for 24 h. To evaluate cell viability, the WST-1 assay was carried out and absorption (450 nm) was measured. To detect apoptotic cells, monoclonal antibody to single-strand DNA (ssDNA) was used and absorption (405 nm) was measured. Actin stabilization and apoptosis induced by jasplakinolide were morphologically investigated by staining with Alexa Fluor 568 phalloidin and observed under a fluorescent microscope. As a negative control, DMSO was used instead of jasplakinolide. Differences between the jasplakinolide-treated group and the control group were analysed statistically using the Student's t-test. RESULTS Cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, and cell viability in the jasplakinolide-treated ERM was lower than that in nontreated ERM (n = 16, P < 0.01). Apoptotic cells in the jasplakinolide-treated ERM were more frequently detected compared to that in nontreated ERM (n = 16, P < 0.01). Morphologically, shrinkage, irregular forms and fragmentation of nuclei suggesting apoptotic bodies were observed in jasplakinolide-treated ERM, whilst actin filaments were extended in non-treated ERM. CONCLUSION Actin stabilization by jasplakinolide inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in epithelial cell rests of Malassez.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aida
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ushikubo
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Kobayashi
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Sako
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Suehara
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Muramatsu
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Li S, Ge S, Yang P. Expression of cytokeratins in enamel organ, junctional epithelium and epithelial cell rests of Malassez. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:846-54. [PMID: 25808290 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE After tooth formation is complete, it is suggested that continuity exists between the epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), reduced enamel epithelium (REE) and subsequently the junctional epithelium. However, the junctional epithelium was reported to differ from REE and ERM. The developmental relationships between and among them remain controversial. Therefore, in the present study we examined the expression of cytokeratins in the three types of epithelia to investigate the epithelial phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The maxillae of Wistar rats, 1, 2, 3 and 7 wk of age, were used, and the expression of CK14, CK17, CK19, CK10/CK13 and AE1/AE3 was detected using immunoperoxidase techniques. RESULTS There was negative staining for CK10/CK13 in all the epithelia. ERM stained strongly for AE1/AE3, CK14, CK17 and CK19. During the transformation of inner enamel epithelial (IEE) cells into reduced ameloblasts and subsequently into junctional epithelium, strong staining for CK14 was evident in IEE, REE and junctional epithelium, whereas the expression of AE1/AE3 and of CK19 were initially negative in IEE and then strong in REE and junctional epithelium, respectively. In particular, the expression of CK17 was strongly positive in ERM and REE, but was negative in IEE and junctional epithelium. CONCLUSION ERM are of odontogenic origin and junctional epithelium has an epithelial phenotype different from REE and ERM. This is the first report to demonstrate that CK17 can be used as a marker to distinguish junctional epithelium from ERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - S Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - P Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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