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van Vorstenbosch R, van Munster K, Pachen D, Mommers A, Stavropoulos G, van Schooten FJ, Ponsioen C, Smolinska A. The Detection of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Using Volatile Metabolites in Fecal Headspace and Exhaled Breath. Metabolites 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 38248826 PMCID: PMC10819709 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to 5% of inflammatory bowel disease patients may at some point develop primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). PSC is a rare liver disease that ultimately results in liver damage, cirrhosis and liver failure. It typically remains subclinical until irreversible damage has been inflicted. Hence, it is crucial to screen IBD patients for PSC, but its early detection is challenging, and the disease's etiology is not well understood. This current study aimed at the early detection of PSC in an IBD population using Volatile Organic Compounds in fecal headspace and exhaled breath. To this aim, fecal material and exhaled breath were collected from 73 patients (n = 16 PSC/IBD; n = 8 PSC; n = 49 IBD), and their volatile profile were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Using the most discriminatory features, PSC detection resulted in areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.83 and 0.84 based on fecal headspace and exhaled breath, respectively. Upon data fusion, the predictive performance increased to AUC 0.92. The observed features in the fecal headspace relate to detrimental microbial dysbiosis and exogenous exposure. Future research should aim for the early detection of PSC in a prospective study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert van Vorstenbosch
- Department of Toxicology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.P.); (A.M.); (F.-J.v.S.)
| | - Kim van Munster
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Danielle Pachen
- Department of Toxicology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.P.); (A.M.); (F.-J.v.S.)
| | - Alex Mommers
- Department of Toxicology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.P.); (A.M.); (F.-J.v.S.)
| | - Georgios Stavropoulos
- Department of Toxicology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.P.); (A.M.); (F.-J.v.S.)
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.P.); (A.M.); (F.-J.v.S.)
| | - Cyriel Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Toxicology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.P.); (A.M.); (F.-J.v.S.)
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Weber M, Gierschner P, Klassen A, Kasbohm E, Schubert JK, Miekisch W, Reinhold P, Köhler H. Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air. Molecules 2021; 26:2854. [PMID: 34064882 PMCID: PMC8150929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is an important disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Early detection is crucial for successful infection control, but available diagnostic tests are still dissatisfying. Methods allowing a rapid, economic, and reliable identification of animals or herds affected by MAP are urgently required. This explorative study evaluated the potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to discriminate between cattle with and without MAP infections. Headspaces above fecal samples and alveolar fractions of exhaled breath of 77 cows from eight farms with defined MAP status were analyzed in addition to stable air samples. VOCs were identified by GC-MS and quantified against reference substances. To discriminate MAP-positive from MAP-negative samples, VOC feature selection and random forest classification were performed. Classification models, generated for each biological specimen, were evaluated using repeated cross-validation. The robustness of the results was tested by predicting samples of two different sampling days. For MAP classification, the different biological matrices emitted diagnostically relevant VOCs of a unique but partly overlapping pattern (fecal headspace: 19, alveolar gas: 11, stable air: 4-5). Chemically, relevant compounds belonged to hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, furans, and aldehydes. Comparing the different biological specimens, VOC analysis in fecal headspace proved to be most reproducible, discriminatory, and highly predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weber
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut’ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (A.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Gierschner
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (RoMBAT), Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.G.); (J.K.S.); (W.M.)
- Albutec GmbH, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Klassen
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut’ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (A.K.); (P.R.)
- Thüringer Tierseuchenkasse, Rindergesundheitsdienst (Thuringian Animal Health Fund, Cattle Health Service), Victor-Goerttler-Straße 4, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisa Kasbohm
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 47, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (RoMBAT), Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.G.); (J.K.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (RoMBAT), Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (P.G.); (J.K.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut’ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (A.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut’ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (A.K.); (P.R.)
- National Reference Laboratory for Paratuberculosis, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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