Optimized Small Waterbird Detection Method Using Surveillance Videos Based on YOLOv7

Waterbird monitoring is the foundation of conservation and management strategies in almost all types of wetland ecosystems. China's improved wetland protection infrastructure, which includes remote devices for the collection of larger quantities of acoustic and visual data on wildlife species, increased the need for data filtration and analysis techniques. Object detection based on deep learning has emerged as a basic solution for big data analysis that has been tested in several application fields. However, these deep learning techniques have not yet been tested for small waterbird detection from real-time surveillance videos, which can address the challenge of waterbird monitoring in real time. We propose an improved detection method by adding an extra prediction head, SimAM attention module, and sequential frame to YOLOv7, termed as YOLOv7-waterbird, for real-time video surveillance devices to identify attention regions and perform waterbird monitoring tasks. With the Waterbird Dataset, the mean average precision (mAP) value of YOLOv7-waterbird was 67.3%, which was approximately 5% higher than that of the baseline model. Furthermore, the improved method achieved a recall of 87.9% (precision = 85%) and 79.1% for small waterbirds (defined as pixels less than 40 × 40), suggesting a better performance for small object detection than the original method. This algorithm could be used by the administration of protected areas or other groups to monitor waterbirds with higher accuracy using existing surveillance cameras and can aid in wildlife conservation to some extent.

Monolayer High-Entropy Layered Hydroxide Frame for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

High-entropy materials with tailored geometric and elemental composition provide a guideline for designing advanced electrocatalysts. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is a most efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst. However, due to the huge difference in ionic solubility product, an extremely strong alkali environment is necessary to prepare high-entropy layered hydroxides (HELHs), which results in the uncontrollable structure, poor stability and scarce active sites. Here, we present a universal synthesis of monolayer HELH frame in a mild environment, regardless of the solubility product limit. Mild reaction conditions allow us to precisely control the fine structure and elemental composition of the final product. Consequently, the surface area of the HELHs is up to 380.5 m² g^-1 . The current density of 100 mA cm^-2 is achieved in 1 M KOH at an overpotential of 259 mV. And after 1000 hours operation at the current density of 20 mA cm^-2 , the catalytic performance shows no obvious deterioration. The high-entropy engineering and fine nanostructure control open opportunities to solve the problems of low intrinsic activity, very few active sites, instability, low conductance during OER for LDH catalysts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Some Questions Raised by the Practice of Online Analysis

In this paper the author explores some of the issues raised by the practice of online analysis. In particular, he emphasizes the difference between the setting and the frame and proposes a theoretical approach of the latter as emerging within the transferential dynamic.

[Origin, development, and modern application value of Chinese herbal lozenges]

Lozenge is one of the traditional dosage forms of Chinese medicine. It has been recorded in traditional Chinese medical classics of all dynasties since the Eastern Han Dynasty and has been developing and evolving continuously. The unique pharmaceutical methods and application scope are the driving force of its emergence, existence, and development. Up to now, lozenge has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as an independent dosage form. Lozenge has been endowed with new meaning by modern Chinese medicine pharmaceutics, which is worth tracing origin and exploring value. The present study reviewed the origin and development of lozenge, compared lozenge with other similar dosage forms, analyzed the characteristics of modern and ancient dosage forms of lozenge, and discussed the development prospect and potential of lozenge in combination with the demand development of modern Chinese medicine preparation, so as to provide references for expanding the modern application of lozenge.

Biodegradable Polymer Composites for Electrophysiological Signal Sensing

Electrophysiological signals are collected to characterize human health and applied in various fields, such as medicine, engineering, and pharmaceuticals. Studies of electrophysiological signals have focused on accurate signal acquisition, real-time monitoring, and signal interpretation. Furthermore, the development of electronic devices consisting of biodegradable and biocompatible materials has been attracting attention over the last decade. In this regard, this review presents a timely overview of electrophysiological signals collected with biodegradable polymer electrodes. Candidate polymers that can constitute biodegradable polymer electrodes are systemically classified by their essential properties for collecting electrophysiological signals. Moreover, electrophysiological signals, such as electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and electroencephalograms subdivided with human organs, are discussed. In addition, the evaluation of the biodegradability of various electrodes with an electrophysiology signal collection purpose is comprehensively revisited.

Zero Setup Margin Mask versus Frame Immobilization during Gamma Knife® Icon™ Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases

We compared the clinical outcomes of BM treated with mask immobilization with zero-SM (i.e., zero-PTV) to standard zero-SM frame immobilization SRS. Consecutive patients with BM, 0.5−2.0 cm in maximal diameter, treated with single-fraction SRS (22−24 Gy) during March 2019−February 2021 were included. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed using the Kaplan−Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. A total of 150 patients with 453 BM met inclusion criteria. A total of 129 (28.5%) lesions were treated with a zero-SM mask immobilization and 324 (71.5%) with zero-SM frame immobilization. Frame immobilization treatments were associated with a higher proportion of gastrointestinal and fewer breast-cancer metastases (p = 0.024), and a higher number of treated lesions per SRS course (median 7 vs. 3; p < 0.001). With a median follow up of 15 months, there was no difference in FFLF between the mask and frame immobilization groups on univariable (p = 0.29) or multivariable analysis (p = 0.518). Actuarial FFLF at 1 year was 90.5% for mask and 92% for frame immobilization (p = 0.272). Radiation necrosis rates at 1 year were 12.5% for mask and 4.1% for frame immobilization (p = 0.502). For BM 0.5−2.0 cm in maximal diameter treated with single-fraction SRS using 22−24 Gy, mask immobilization with zero SM produces comparable clinical outcomes to frame immobilization. The initial findings support omitting a SM when using mask immobilization with this treatment approach on a Gamma Knife® Icon™.

Shared Trauma, the Renegotiation of the Frame, and the Preservation of What Is Essential: Transformations in Psychoanalytic Treatment in the Time of the Pandemic

In this paper, the author describes a process, renegotiation of the frame, that emerged as he contemplated with his patients the continuation of work together in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a renegotiation lends itself to the formation of bastions, as described by Baranger and Baranger (1969); attention to these bastions demonstrates that the psychoanalytic process continues and can deepen. An extended clinical vignette is presented to illustrate. If a more broadly defined functional frame is considered, not only may the frame be used as a clinical tool in a more nuanced way, but in addition, aspects of the traditional narrowly defined frame may be seen to contribute to the formation of bastions that, unaddressed, could impede the analytic process.

Nanomaterial-Embedded DNA Films on 2D Frames

Recently, 3D printing has provided opportunities for designing complex structures with ease. These printed structures can serve as molds for complex materials such as DNA and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMA)-modified DNA that have easily tunable functionalities via the embedding of various nanomaterials such as ions, nanoparticles, fluorophores, and proteins. Herein, we develop a simple and efficient method for constructing DNA flat and curved films containing water-soluble/thermochromatic dyes and di/trivalent ions and CTMA-modified DNA films embedded with organic light-emitting molecules (OLEM) with the aid of 2D/3D frames made by a 3D printer. We study the Raman spectra, current, and resistance of Cu²⁺-doped and Tb³⁺-doped DNA films and the photoluminescence of OLEM-embedded CTMA-modified DNA films to better understand the optoelectric characteristics of the samples. Compared to pristine DNA, ion-doped DNA films show noticeable variation of Raman peak intensities, which might be due to the interaction between the ion and phosphate backbone of DNA and the intercalation of ions in DNA base pairs. As expected, ion-doped DNA films show an increase of current with an increase in bias voltage. Because of the presence of metallic ions, DNA films with embedded ions showed relatively larger current than pristine DNA. The photoluminescent emission peaks of CTMA-modified DNA films with OLEM_Red, OLEM_Green, and OLEM_Blue were obtained at the wavelengths of 610, 515, and 469 nm, respectively. Finally, CIE color coordinates produced from CTMA-modified DNA films with different OLEM color types were plotted in color space. It may be feasible to produce multilayered DNA films as well. If so, multilayered DNA films embedded with different color dyes, ions, fluorescent materials, nanoparticles, proteins, and drug molecules could be used to realize multifunctional physical devices such as energy harvesting and chemo-bio sensors in the near future.

Minimally Invasive Cochlear Implantation: First-in-Man of Patient-Specific Positioning Jigs

A minimally-invasive surgical (MIS) approach to cochlear implantation, if safe, practical, simple in surgical handling, and also affordable has the potential to replace the conventional surgical approaches. Our MIS approach uses patient-specific drilling templates (positioning jigs). While the most popular MIS approaches use robots, the robotic aspect is literally put aside, because our high-precision parallel kinematics is only used to individualize a positioning jig. This jig can then be mounted onto a bone-anchored mini-stereotactic frame at the patient's skull and used to create a drill-hole through the temporal bone to the patient's cochlea. We present the first clinical experience where we use sham drill bits of different diameters instead of drilling into the bone in order to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy.

The Pandemic, the Protests, the Chaos: A Destabilizing Effect on the Analyst : Analyst Involvement in Protests During the Pandemic and Its Effect on a Treatment

In May 2020, within the cultural and emotionally regressive chaos of the pandemic, the analyst witnessed a violent Black Lives Matter protest. Myriad unprocessed feelings subsequently impacted her handling the treatment of a patient who abruptly left a session to attend a protest herself. The analyst describes her own personal experience and the cascade of events that affected the treatment. She suggests that analysts can be armed with the awareness that enactments are more likely to happen when the analyst, as well the patient, are under extreme duress as is the case in the time of Covid. She describes some of the forces that were specific to this case and her own personal embroilment. She then broadens the discussion to other analysts' reports of overwhelming pandemic experiences and the corresponding effect on the work. She also elucidates the importance of the frame for therapeutic work.

Pandemic psychoanalysis

Our clinical practice is contextualized by a co-participant trauma constituted by a confluence of upheavals–pandemic, politics, an epistemological crisis, pervasive distrust of expertise and evidence. Psychoanalytic work, parallel to the external world, has become defamiliarized, if not, at sometimes unrecognizable. The affect on the frame and the boundaries of the therapeutic frame and of the psychoanalytic institution are explored with an awareness of the uncertainty of the future. The experience of the onset of the pandemic is discussed with awareness of an unknown future.

Foundations for Psychological Thinking in Palliative Care: Frame and Formulation

This is the second article in the psychological elements of palliative care (PEPC) series. This series focuses on how key concepts from psychotherapy can be used in the context of palliative care to improve communication and fine tune palliative care interventions. In this article, we introduce two foundational concepts: frame and formulation. The frame is the context in which care is delivered; it includes concrete aspects of clinical care such as where it takes place, for how long, and with what frequency. It also includes the conceptual aspects of care, including the specific roles of the clinician and the patient, emergency contingencies, and the extent to which emotion is invited within the clinical encounter. Defining and discussing the frame with patients are especially important in palliative care because of the strong emotions that arise when talking about serious illness and because many patients may not be familiar with palliative care before they are in care. Formulation is the process by which we make judgment-neutral psychological hypotheses to understand the feelings and behaviors of our patients. It is an ongoing, dynamic process whereby as we learn more about our patients, we integrate that data to improve our explanatory model of who they are. This helps us tailor our interventions to meet their unique needs and respect their life experiences, aptitudes, and vulnerabilities. Both concepts are foundational PEPC; understanding them will prepare readers to continue to the next four articles in the series.

Clinical Life in the Context of the Pandemic

In this article, six analysts describe theory and practice in the time of COVID-19, examining the quality of après-coup in the way that the pandemic and its attendant crises trigger early memory and early experiences of helplessness. In the clinical events we see that the age of the patient, the circumstances and approach of the analyst, the novelty of the frame are all crucial determinants of clinical outcomes.

Frame to Improve the Fit of N95 Filtering Face Mask Respirators

OBJECTIVE

Test a device that can improve upon the seal of filtering face mask respirators (FFRs).

METHODS

A 3-D prototype for a fit improvement frame (FIF) was created and quantitative fit testing was performed for FFRs with and without the FIF.

RESULTS

Thirty eight volunteers underwent fit testing. The overall fit pass rate was 100% for the 3M model 1860 masks, 50% for the 3M model 8511 masks, 13% for the BYD CARE model DE2322, and 7% for the Honeywell DC300N95. When using the FIF the overall passing rate increase to 87% for the DE2322 + FIF (P < 0.01) and for the DC300N95 + FIF the passing rate increase to 73% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

The FIF is effective in improving the mask fit of a common flat fold N95 masks and potentially other N95 masks.

Post-termination self-analysis and the relinquishment of the psychoanalytic frame: thoughts on a fragment of self-analytic work following a traumatic termination

Months following the traumatic termination of my analysis I engaged in self-analytic work in which I was able to rework the events of the termination and their significance in terms of my history. Fundamental differences between my self-analytic process and that of my formal analysis led me to consider how termination may affect the ensuing self-analytic process. In this paper, I look at aspects of termination that have to do with the dissolution of symbiotic ties with the analyst; I will try to show that relinquishment of the frame provides an impetus both for consolidation and reworking of an identification with the analyst, which may enable the analysand to develop a personal way of thinking about the unconscious that differs from that of the analyst. I further suggest that there are inevitable limitations to the analytic process which manifest in the development of irreducible bastions, and that the dissolution of the frame at termination provides an opportunity for self-analytic resolution of those bastions which may allow self-understanding beyond what could have been attained within the formal analytic setting. Finally, I offer some speculations on how these processes may have played out between Freud and Fliess in Freud's self-analysis.

Cambridge Protocol for Management of Segmental Bone Loss

Introduction

Segmental long bone defects are some of the most challenging to surgically reconstruct; however, there is no clear guidance on which of the myriad of techniques is superior in a given clinical context. We describe three cases of segmental bone loss presenting to a major trauma center and have use these to develop a treatment algorithm for the sub-acute management of such fractures.

Case Report

Case 1 - Acute shortening and delayed lengthening using lengthening intramedullary (IM) nail to treat diaphyseal non-union of the femur with associated 3 cm shortening. Case 2 - 15 cm traumatic bone loss of femur, failed Masquelet, treated with IM nail, monolateral external-fixation and cable with a mean lengthening rate of 46 days/cm. Case 3 - 12 cm tibial traumatic bone loss, failed Masquelet, treated with fine wire frame with a mean lengthening rate of 49 days/cm.

Conclusion

As our cases illustrate; attempting complicated, definitive management in the acute phase generates complications and necessitates re-intervention. As such, we have developed a treatment algorithm for traumatic segmental bone loss. We recommend waiting 6 weeks and reimaging to check for evidence of spontaneous bone formation before deciding on definitive treatment. First-line treatment for femoral defects <4 cm is acute limb shortening with delayed lengthening using lengthening IM nail. First-line treatment for femoral defects >4 cm is lengthening over nail with monolateral external fixator. First-line treatment of tibial segmental bone defects in our hands is fine wire circular frames which provide excellent scope for soft tissue coverage and deformity correction. Treatment times of over 2 years in a frame are not uncommon and patients must diligently comply with pin sites management and lengthening protocols. This is the first paper providing an algorithm to guide surgeons in choosing the best lower limb reconstruction options in the sub-acute setting; considering the skill set and resources of the center in which one works.

The Effect of Animate-Inanimate Soundscapes and Framing on Environments' Evaluation and Predicted Recreation Time

In this research, we investigated whether soundscapes’ animateness and the framing of environments affect participants’ assessment of the surroundings and their predicted recreation time. In an online study, we showed the participants six stimuli, each consisting of an animate or inanimate soundscape recording and of a verbal label of a natural or urban environment. We asked them to (a) imagine visiting the presented locations while mentally fatigued, in company or alone; (b) to visualize spending time there while engaged in recreational activities; and (c) to assess the environment and the predicted recreation time. We found that environments with animate soundscapes were rated as having a higher degree of naturalness and were favored in the urban condition. Environments with inanimate soundscapes, meanwhile, were preferred in the natural condition. Furthermore, natural-framed soundscapes were evaluated as having a higher degree of naturalness and were preferred over urban-framed soundscapes. Social context did not affect the results; however, we discovered the indirect effect of natural labels on the recreation time through the naturalness of the environments, both for the environments with animate and inanimate soundscapes. Overall, our findings demonstrate the influence of soundscapes’ animateness and framing on the settings’ evaluations and on recreation time.

Teleanalytic Therapy in the Era of Covid-19: Dissociation in the Countertransference

While we and our patients have many transferences to the modality of video or telephone therapy, these meanings are ultimately not intrinsic to the medium itself. Rather, they are symbolic meanings we make of the modality. This paper discusses the symbolic meanings that we attribute to teletherapy and the ways we may use these attributed meanings to dissociate the trauma of Covid-19. It also explores the clinical opportunities in identifying these dissociated countertransferential experiences and embodying them in our own and our patients' experiences.

Innovating Qualitative Framing Analysis for Purposes of Media Analysis Within Public Health Inquiry

Public health is said to lack methodological diversity and creativity in media analysis. Although the framing paradigm offers important conceptual and operational insights for undertaking media analysis in public health research, frames are described as "elusive" to measure with their analysis a "methodological black box." With this article, we aim to foster creative thinking around media analysis in public health and to make the "black box" of framing analysis more transparent, by illustrating the innovation and application of a qualitative framing analysis technique in original public health research. We provide a "how to" guide for this framing analysis method and use data to illustrate methodological challenges encountered during the research. The findings drawn from this method are contrasted with findings gained from thematic analysis applied to the same data. The article concludes by considering the benefits of this type of framing analysis within public health scholarship.

Stereotactic accuracy and frame mounting: A phantom study

Background:

Frame mounting is considered one of the most critical steps in stereotactic neurosurgery. In routine clinical practice, the aim is to mount the frame as symmetrical as possible, parallel to Reid’s line. However, sometimes, the frame is mounted asymmetrically often due to patient-related reasons.

Methods:

In this study, we addressed the question whether an asymmetrically mounted frame influences the accuracy of stereotactic electrode implantation. A Citrullus lanatus was used for this study. After a magnetic resonance imaging scan, symmetric and asymmetric mounting of the frame, which could occur in clinical scenarios, was performed with computed tomography (CT). Three different stereotactic software packages were used to analyze the results. In addition, manual calculations were performed by two different observers.

Results:

Our results show that an asymmetrically mounted frame (deviated, tilted, or rotated) does not affect the accuracy in the mediolateral axis (X-coordinate) or the anteroposterior axis (Y-coordinate). However, it can lead to a clinically relevant error in the superoinferior axis (Z-coordinate). This error was largest with manual calculations.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that asymmetrical frame mounting can lead to stereotactic inaccuracy in the superoinferior axis (Z coordinate).

On the fractional Fourier and continuous fractional wave packet transforms of almost periodic functions

We state the fractional Fourier transform and the continuous fractional wave packet transform as ways for analyzing persistent signals such as almost periodic functions and strong limit power signals. We construct frame decompositions for almost periodic functions using these two transforms. Also a norm equality of this signal is given using the continuous fractional wave packet transform.

A Novel Pixel-Based Method to Estimate the Instantaneous Velocity of a Vehicle from CCTV Images

In traffic forensic identifications, it was usually unfavorable that estimated velocities of questioned vehicles derived from frame-based methods eventually turned out to be close to but a bit less than speed limits. In this paper, a novel pixel-based method was presented to estimate vehicles' relatively instantaneous velocities. First, two adjacent pixels' actual distance was acquired from the closed-circuit television (CCTV) images. Then, the instantaneous average velocity within this one frame interval time (FIT) was calculated out. The frame-based method and its evaluating result were also introduced in this paper. The results showed that the velocity estimated by this new pixel-based method was higher than which derived from the frame-based method. Employing this presented novel method in these cases, it could be more accurately identified whether or not the vehicles had exceeded the speed limits, and then the responsibilities could be consequently assigned impartially.

The Results Are Only as Good as the Sample: Assessing Three National Physician Sampling Frames

BACKGROUND

Databases of practicing physicians are important for studies that require sampling physicians or counting the physician population in a given area. However, little is known about how the three main sampling frames differ from each other.

OBJECTIVE

Our purpose was to compare the National Provider and Plan Enumeration System (NPPES), the American Medical Association Masterfile and the SK&A physician file.

METHODS

We randomly sampled 3000 physicians from the NPPES (500 in six specialties). We conducted two- and three-way comparisons across three databases to determine the extent to which they matched on address and specialty. In addition, we randomly selected 1200 physicians (200 per specialty) for telephone verification.

KEY RESULTS

One thousand, six hundred and fifty-five physicians (55 %) were found in all three data files. The SK&A data file had the highest rate of missing physicians when compared to the NPPES, and varied by specialty (50 % in radiology vs. 28 % in cardiology). NPPES and SK&A had the highest rates of matching mailing address information, while the AMA Masterfile had low rates compared with the NPPES. We were able to confirm 65 % of physicians' address information by phone. The NPPES and SK&A had similar rates of correct address information in phone verification (72-94 % and 79-92 %, respectively, across specialties), while the AMA Masterfile had significantly lower rates of correct address information across all specialties (32-54 % across specialties).

CONCLUSIONS

None of the data files in this study were perfect; the fact that we were unable to reach one-third of our telephone verification sample is troubling. However, the study offers some encouragement for researchers conducting physician surveys. The NPPES and to a lesser extent, the SK&A file, appear to provide reasonably accurate, up-to-date address information for physicians billing public and provider insurers.