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Giannetto A, Oliva S, Riolo K, Savastano D, Parrino V, Cappello T, Maisano M, Fasulo S, Mauceri A. Waste Valorization via Hermetia Illucens to Produce Protein-Rich Biomass for Feed: Insight into the Critical Nutrient Taurine. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091710. [PMID: 32967279 PMCID: PMC7552637 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects have been recognized as sustainable alternative sources of nutrients for food and feed. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a particularly promising species for its great potential in the waste valorization to produce, during the bioconversion process, high-value fat and proteins that currently represent a valuable source for fish feed. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency to use substrate proteins in two different BSF developmental stages as sustainable biotechnological tools for vegetable waste management. We provide insights into the nutritional values of both V instar larvae and prepupae in terms of valuable amino acids with special focus on taurine, a crucial nutrient for fish. Moreover, we cloned four key genes from BSF involved in the taurine biosynthesis pathway, 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (Hiado), cysteine dioxygenase (Hicdo), cysteine sulfonate decarboxylase (Hicsad), and glutamate decarboxylase (Higad). The gene expression analysis in larvae and prepupae by qPCR showed development-specific profiles suggesting they influence the taurine content during BSF development. These findings showed peculiar phenotypes in larvae and prepupae that can be selected for different biotechnological applications as sustainable source of relevant amino acids and taurine to support the increasing demand for animal feed and aquafeed in the next decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sabrina Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Kristian Riolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.O.); (K.R.); (V.P.); (T.C.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (A.M.)
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Li DD, Ling SC, Wu K, Luo Z. Identification of Five Key Genes Involved in Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway From Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Their Transcriptional Responses to High Fat Diet (HFD). Front Physiol 2019; 10:921. [PMID: 31427980 PMCID: PMC6687843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of the present study is that apoptosis through an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway may mediate high fat diet (HFD)-induced changes in the metabolism of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, we cloned the full-length cDNA sequences of Cycs, Apaf1, Casp9, Casp3a, and Casp3b involved in the mitochondria apoptotic pathway, and explored their mRNA tissue expressions and transcriptional responses to HFD. All of these members shared similar domains to their orthologous vertebrate genes. They were constitutively expressed in all analyzed tissues but varied from tissue to tissue. Compared to the control, HFD up-regulated the mRNA expression of partial genes among these five key genes (Cycs, Apaf1, Casp9, Casp3a, and Casp3b) in mesenteric fat, intestine, ovary and the kidney, indicating the induction of apoptosis in these tissues; in contrast, HFD down-regulated mRNA levels of partial genes among the five key genes (Cycs, Apaf1, Casp9, Casp3a, and Casp3b) in the heart, spleen and gill tissues, indicating the inhibition of apoptosis in these tissues. The present study will facilitate further exploration into the functions of these genes at the molecular level and disclose the critical involvement of these genes against nutrient changes, indicating that processes of apoptosis in various tissues may differentially be modified by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Ling
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Keshri V, Diene SM, Estienne A, Dardaillon J, Chabrol O, Tichit L, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Pontarotti P. An Integrative Database of β-Lactamase Enzymes: Sequences, Structures, Functions, and Phylogenetic Trees. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02319-18. [PMID: 30783007 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02319-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactamase enzymes have attracted substential medical attention from researchers and clinicians because of their clinical, ecological, and evolutionary interest. Here, we present a comprehensive online database of β-lactamase enzymes. The current database is manually curated and incorporates the primary amino acid sequences, closest structural information in an external structure database (the Protein Data Bank [PDB]) and the functional profiles and phylogenetic trees of the four molecular classes (A, B, C, and D) of β-lactamases. The functional profiles are presented according to the MICs and kinetic parameters that make them more useful for the investigators. Here, a total of 1,147 β-lactam resistance genes are analyzed and described in the database. The database is implemented in MySQL and the related website is developed with Zend Framework 2 on an Apache server, supporting all major web browsers. Users can easily retrieve and visualize biologically important information using a set of efficient queries from a graphical interface. This database is freely accessible at http://ifr48.timone.univ-mrs.fr/beta-lactamase/public/.
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Zion TN, Wayburn B, Darabi S, Lamb Thrush D, Smith ED, Johnston T, Martin B, Hagman KDF, Parra M, Antolik C. Clinical validity assessment of genes for inclusion in multi-gene panel testing: A systematic approach. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e630. [PMID: 30900393 PMCID: PMC6503028 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in sequencing technology have led to expanded use of multi-gene panel tests (MGPTs) for clinical diagnostics. Well-designed MGPTs must balance increased detection of clinically significant findings while mitigating the increase in variants of uncertain significance (VUS). To maximize clinical utililty, design of such panels should include comprehensive gene vetting using a standardized clinical validity (CV) scoring system. METHODS To assess the impact of CV-based gene vetting on MGPT results, data from MGPTs for cardiovascular indications were retrospectively analyzed. Using our CV scoring system, genes were categorized as having definitive, strong, moderate, or limited evidence. The rates of reported pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants and VUS were then determined for each CV category. RESULTS Of 106 total genes, 42% had definitive, 17% had strong, 29% had moderate, and 12% had limited CV. The detection rate of variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic was higher for genes with greater CV, while the VUS rate showed an inverse relationship with CV score. No pathogenic or likely pathogenic findings were observed in genes with a limited CV. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the importance of a standardized, evidence-based vetting process to establish CV for genes on MGPTs. Using our proposed system may help to increase the detection rate while mitigating higher VUS rates.
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Tuan PA, Lee J, Park CH, Kim JK, Noh YH, Kim YB, Kim H, Park SU. Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Oriental Melon ( Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa). Foods 2019; 8:E77. [PMID: 30791408 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-length cDNAs encoding ξ-carotene desaturase (CmZDS), lycopene ε-cyclase (CmLCYE), β-ring carotene hydroxylase (CmCHXB), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (CmZEP), and partial-length cDNA encoding ε-ring carotene hydroxylase (CmCHXE) were isolated in Chamoe (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa), an important commercial fruit. Sequence analyses revealed that these proteins share high identity and common features with other orthologous genes. Expression levels of entire genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were investigated in the peel, pulp, and stalk of chamoe cultivars Ohbokggul and Gotgam. Most of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes were expressed at their highest levels in the stalk, whereas carotenoids were highly distributed in the peel. The expression levels of all carotenoid biosynthetic genes in fruits of the native cultivar Gotgam chamoe were higher than those in the cultivar Ohbokggul chamoe, consistent with the abundant carotenoid accumulation in Gotgam chamoe fruits and trace carotenoid content of Ohbokggul chamoe fruit. Lutein and β-carotene were the dominant carotenoids; high levels (278.05 μg g−1 and 112.02 μg g−1 dry weight, respectively) were found in the peel of Gotgam chamoe. Our findings may provide a foundation for elucidating the carotenoid biosynthetic mechanism in C. melo and inform strategies for developing new chamoe cultivars with improved characteristics.
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Yu C, Li T, Shi X, Saleem M, Li B, Liang W, Wang C. Deletion of Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase VmXyl1 Impacts the Virulence of Valsa mali in Apple Tree. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:663. [PMID: 29868105 PMCID: PMC5966579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Valsa mali, a parasitic fungus, is a destructive pathogen of apple tree that causes heavy economic losses in China. The pathogen secretes various cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that degrade plant cell-wall components, and thus facilitate its entry into host cells. Therefore, functional analysis of the genes encoding CWDEs is necessary to understand virulence of V. mali toward apple tree. Here, we identified and cloned an endo-β-1,4-xylanase gene, VmXyl1 in V. mali. The full-length cDNA of VmXyl1 is 1626 bp containing 5'- and 3'-non-coding regions, as well an open reading frame of 1320 bp that encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass and an isoelectric point of 43.8 kDa and 4.4, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences showed significant homology to a family GH10 of glycosyl hydrolases. The apple branch extract and beechwood xylan, but not glucose, induced the expression of VmXyl1. Furthermore, VmXyl1 had high expression levels in the apple tree bark during the pathogen infection. The deletion of VmXyl1 did not affect mycelia growth; however, it significantly reduced pycnidia formation in V. mali. The deletion strains showed a reduced virulence toward apple leaves and twigs. Moreover, the mutant strains had reduced endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity and growth when cultured using beechwood xylan as the only carbon source. Reintroducing wild-type VmXyl1 into the mutant strains rescued the defect phenotype. We conclude that VmXyl1 determines the virulence of V. mali toward apple tree. These results provide valuable insight into the plant-pathogen molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Yu
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangpeng Shi
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Baohua Li
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Suo J, Zhao Q, David L, Chen S, Dai S. Salinity Response in Chloroplasts: Insights from Gene Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1011. [PMID: 28481319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a severe abiotic stress limiting agricultural yield and productivity. Plants have evolved various strategies to cope with salt stress. Chloroplasts are important photosynthesis organelles, which are sensitive to salinity. An understanding of molecular mechanisms in chloroplast tolerance to salinity is of great importance for genetic modification and plant breeding. Previous studies have characterized more than 53 salt-responsive genes encoding important chloroplast-localized proteins, which imply multiple vital pathways in chloroplasts in response to salt stress, such as thylakoid membrane organization, the modulation of photosystem II (PS II) activity, carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation, photorespiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, osmotic and ion homeostasis, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling, and gene expression regulation, as well as protein synthesis and turnover. This review presents an overview of salt response in chloroplasts revealed by gene characterization efforts.
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Alagarasan G, Dubey M, Aswathy KS, Chandel G. Genome Wide Identification of Orthologous ZIP Genes Associated with Zinc and Iron Translocation in Setaria italica. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:775. [PMID: 28555148 PMCID: PMC5430159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Genes in the ZIP family encode transcripts to store and transport bivalent metal micronutrient, particularly iron (Fe) and or zinc (Zn). These transcripts are important for a variety of functions involved in the developmental and physiological processes in many plant species, including most, if not all, Poaceae plant species and the model species Arabidopsis. Here, we present the report of a genome wide investigation of orthologous ZIP genes in Setaria italica and the identification of 7 single copy genes. RT-PCR shows 4 of them could be used to increase the bio-availability of zinc and iron content in grains. Of 36 ZIP members, 25 genes have traces of signal peptide based sub-cellular localization, as compared to those of plant species studied previously, yet translocation of ions remains unclear. In silico analysis of gene structure and protein nature suggests that these two were preeminent in shaping the functional diversity of the ZIP gene family in S. italica. NAC, bZIP and bHLH are the predominant Fe and Zn responsive transcription factors present in SiZIP genes. Together, our results provide new insights into the signal peptide based/independent iron and zinc translocation in the plant system and allowed identification of ZIP genes that may be involved in the zinc and iron absorption from the soil, and thus transporting it to the cereal grain underlying high micronutrient accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Alagarasan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural UniversityRaipur, India
- *Correspondence: Ganesh Alagarasan,
| | - Mahima Dubey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural UniversityRaipur, India
| | - Kumar S. Aswathy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Girish Chandel
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural UniversityRaipur, India
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Morphew RM, Wilkinson TJ, Mackintosh N, Jahndel V, Paterson S, McVeigh P, Abbas Abidi SM, Saifullah K, Raman M, Ravikumar G, LaCourse J, Maule A, Brophy PM. Exploring and Expanding the Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein Superfamily in Fasciola Species. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3308-21. [PMID: 27495901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica infect livestock worldwide and threaten food security with climate change and problematic control measures spreading disease. Fascioliasis is also a foodborne disease with up to 17 million humans infected. In the absence of vaccines, treatment depends on triclabendazole (TCBZ), and overuse has led to widespread resistance, compromising future TCBZ control. Reductionist biology from many laboratories has predicted new therapeutic targets. To this end, the fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) superfamily has proposed multifunctional roles, including functions intersecting vaccine and drug therapy, such as immune modulation and anthelmintic sequestration. Research is hindered by a lack of understanding of the full FABP superfamily complement. Although discovery studies predicted FABPs as promising vaccine candidates, it is unclear if uncharacterized FABPs are more relevant for vaccine formulations. We have coupled genome, transcriptome, and EST data mining with proteomics and phylogenetics to reveal a liver fluke FABP superfamily of seven clades: previously identified clades I-III and newly identified clades IV-VII. All new clade FABPs were analyzed using bioinformatics and cloned from both liver flukes. The extended FABP data set will provide new study tools to research the role of FABPs in parasite biology and as therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell M Morphew
- Aberystwyth University , Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Toby J Wilkinson
- Aberystwyth University , Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Mackintosh
- Aberystwyth University , Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Jahndel
- University of Leipzig , Institute of Biochemistry, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steve Paterson
- University of Liverpool , School of Biological Sciences, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Queen's University Belfast , School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khalid Saifullah
- Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Muthusamy Raman
- Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai 600-051, India
| | | | - James LaCourse
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Maule
- Queen's University Belfast , School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Aberystwyth University , Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
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Ren HT, Huang Y, Tang YK, Yu JH, Xu P. [Two Elovl5-like elongase genes in Cyprinus carpio var. Jian: Gene characterization, mRNA expression, and nutritional regulation]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2015; 49:592-600. [PMID: 26299859 DOI: 10.7868/s0026898415040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elovl5 elongase is a critical enzyme involved in the highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) biosynthesis. There is very little information on the evolution and functional characterization of Elovl5-a and Elovl5-b genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). In the present study, the genomic sequences and structures of two putative Elovl5-like elongase genes in the common carp genome were obtained. The mRNA expression patterns of Elovl5-a and Elovl5-b in tissues, hatching carp embryos, and juveniles under nutritional regulation were investigated. The results show that the two Elovl5 elongase genes have similar organization, coding 8 exons of high identity and introns of distinct size and sequence composition. They are not allelic variants of a single gene. Both Elovl5 elongase genes are highly expressed in liver, intestine (pyloric caeca) and brain. Elovl5-a and Elovl5-b mRNAs showed increased expression from newly hatched to 20 days after hatching. The regulation of Elovl5-a and Elovl5-b in response to dietary fatty acid composition was determined in liver, brain and intestine (pyloric caeca) of common carp fed with diets: (i) fish oil (FO) rich in n-3 HUFA, (ii) corn oil (CO, 18:2n-6) or (iii) linseed oil (LO, 18:3n-3). Also the differential expression of Elovl5-a and Elovl5-b genes in liver, brain and intestine in common carps fed with different oil sources was studied. Further work aimed at the determination of the mechanisms of differential expression of the Elovl5-a and Elovl5-b in different tissues and the roles of transcription factors in regulating HUFA synthesis is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-T Ren
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Y Huang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Y-K Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - J-H Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - P Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Tuan PA, Kim YB, Kim JK, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Park SU. Molecular characterization of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. EXCLI J 2014; 14:146-57. [PMID: 26417348 PMCID: PMC4556017 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis has a wide range of biological activities and has been considered as an important traditional drug in Asia and North America for centuries. A partial-length cDNA clone encoding phytoene synthase (SbPSY) and full-length cDNA clonesencoding phytoene desaturase (SbPDS), ξ-carotene desaturase (SbZDS), β-ring carotene hydroxylase (SbCHXB), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (SbZEP)were identifiedin S. baicalensis. Sequence analyses revealed that these proteins share high identity and conserved domains with their orthologous genes. SbPSY, SbPDS, SbZDS, SbCHXB, and SbZEP were constitutively expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of S.baicalensis. SbPSY, SbPDS, and SbZDS were highly expressed in the stems, leaves, and flowers and showed low expression in the roots, where only trace amounts of carotenoids were detected. SbCHXB and SbZEP transcripts were expressed at relatively high levels in the roots, stems, and flowers and were expressed at low levels in the leaves, where carotenoids were mostly distributed. The predominant carotenoids in S.baicalensiswere lutein and β-carotene, with abundant amounts found in the leaves (517.19 and 228.37 μg g-1 dry weight, respectively). Our study on the biosynthesis of carotenoids in S. baicalensis will provide basic data for elucidating the contribution of carotenoids to the considerable medicinal properties of S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yeon Bok Kim
- Herbal Crop Research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk, 369-873, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea ; Visiting Professor Program (VPP), King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Lü ZC, Wang LH, Zhang GF, Wan FH, Guo JY, Yu H, Wang JB. Three Heat Shock Protein Genes from Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax Enderlein: Gene Cloning, Characterization, and Association with Diapause. Neotrop Entomol 2014; 43:362-372. [PMID: 27193815 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax Enderlein is a major pest to wild and cultivated species of citrus. Bactrocera minax produces one generation per year with a long pupal diapause period of over 6 months, which hinders efforts to obtain vast numbers of insects under standard room conditions. Determining the mechanisms of diapause is significantly important for obtaining large quantities of these insects. To characterize the heat shock protein (Hsp) genes of B. minax and to unravel their potential contribution to diapause, we performed 3' and 5' RACE to isolate the complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences, bioinformatics to examine the phylogenetic relationships, and real-time quantitative PCR to detect the expression patterns of three Hsp genes during various developmental stages. These results represent the first characterization of the three Hsp genes of B. minax; the open reading frames of Bmhsp23, Bmhsp70, and Bmhsp90 were 510, 1,911, and 1,089 bp, encoding 170, 636, and 363 amino acids, respectively. BmHsp70 and BmHsp90 displayed high identity to previously identified Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes, respectively. BmHsp23 displayed varying similarity, from 28 to 83%, to previously identified small Hsps. Bmhsp23 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was found to be upregulated during diapause initiation, maintenance, and termination. Bmhsp70 mRNA expression peaked during diapause initiation. Bmhsp90 mRNA expression remained at a relatively low level during deep diapause. Our present results suggest that Bmhsp70 might play an important role in diapause initiation, while Bmhsp23 in diapause initiation and maintenance and Bmhsp90 in diapause regulation. These results improve our understanding of the mechanism of diapause in B. minax at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Lü
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - L H Wang
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
- Dept of Entomology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - G F Zhang
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - F H Wan
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - J Y Guo
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - H Yu
- Dept of Entomology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - J B Wang
- Dept of Entomology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
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Punshon T, Ricachenevsky FK, Hindt M, Socha AL, Zuber H. Methodological approaches for using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) imaging as a tool in ionomics: examples from Arabidopsis thaliana. Metallomics 2013; 5:1133-45. [PMID: 23912758 PMCID: PMC3869573 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we present approaches for using multi-elemental imaging (specifically synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy, SXRF) in ionomics, with examples using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The complexity of each approach depends on the amount of a priori information available for the gene and/or phenotype being studied. Three approaches are outlined, which apply to experimental situations where a gene of interest has been identified but has an unknown phenotype (phenotyping), an unidentified gene is associated with a known phenotype (gene cloning) and finally, a screening approach, where both gene and phenotype are unknown. These approaches make use of open-access, online databases with which plant molecular genetics researchers working in the model plant Arabidopsis will be familiar, in particular the Ionomics Hub and online transcriptomic databases such as the Arabidopsis eFP browser. The approaches and examples we describe are based on the assumption that altering the expression of ion transporters can result in changes in elemental distribution. We provide methodological details on using elemental imaging to aid or accelerate gene functional characterization by narrowing down the search for candidate genes to the tissues in which elemental distributions are altered. We use synchrotron X-ray microprobes as a technique of choice, which can now be used to image all parts of an Arabidopsis plant in a hydrated state. We present elemental images of leaves, stem, root, siliques and germinating hypocotyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Punshon
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | - Maria Hindt
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Amanda L Socha
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Hélène Zuber
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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