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Van't Oever RM, Zwiers C, de Haas M, le Cessie S, Lopriore E, Oepkes D, Verweij EJTJ. Severity of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in patients with a history of intrauterine transfusions in a previous pregnancy: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2024; 131:769-776. [PMID: 37743689 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnant women who received at least one intrauterine transfusion (IUT) for haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in the preceding pregnancy are presumed to have a high likelihood of requiring IUTs again, often starting at an earlier gestational age. Our aim was to quantify these risks in a large national cohort. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of a nationwide Dutch database. SETTING The Netherlands. POPULATION All women treated in The Netherlands with IUTs for Rhesus D (RhD)- or Kell-mediated HDFN between 1999 and 2017 and their follow-up pregnancies were included. Pregnancies with an antigen-negative fetus were excluded. METHODS Electronic patient files were searched for the number and gestational age of each IUT, and analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage of women requiring one or more IUTs again in the subsequent pregnancy, and gestational age at first IUT in both pregnancies. RESULTS Of the 321 women in our study population, 21% (69) had a subsequent ongoing pregnancy at risk. IUTs were administered in 86% (59/69) of cases. In subsequent pregnancies, the median gestational age at first IUT was 3 weeks earlier (interquartile range -6.8 to 0.4) than in the preceding pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that pregnant women with a history of IUTs in the previous pregnancy are highly likely to require IUTs again, and on average 3 weeks earlier. Clinicians need to be aware of these risks and ensure timely referral, and close surveillance from early pregnancy onwards. Additionally, for women with a history of IUT and their caregivers, this information is essential to enable adequate preconception counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske M Van't Oever
- Division of Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Translational Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Zwiers
- Division of Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Translational Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Lopriore
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Oepkes
- Division of Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E J T Joanne Verweij
- Division of Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chatterjee S, Millard G, Chiawchan S, Chanthet S, Daly J, Hyland C, Kitpoka P, Powley T, Liew YW. A case of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn attributed to a novel antigen in the RHAG blood group system. Vox Sang 2023; 118:1095-1099. [PMID: 38095046 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A newborn presented with jaundice in Thailand. The cord red cells tested positive by direct antiglobulin test (DAT) for an unknown maternal red cell antibody. Initial blood group sequencing suggested that the infant carried a novel variant RHAG c.140T>C, responsible for a low-prevalence antigen in the RHAG blood group system (ISBT 030). We report here on testing of samples from the infant's parents and older sibling to define a new antigen in the RHAG system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Massive parallel sequencing (MPS) using a custom-designed panel was performed on all four family members. Extended serological testing was also performed to determine whether family members with the same variant as the infant showed reactivity with the antibody in the maternal plasma. RESULTS We identified a novel single nucleotide variant (SNV) (RHAG c.140T>C, p.[Phe47Ser]) in samples from three of the four family members tested (the infant, the older sibling and the father). The variant was not detected in the mother's sample. Maternal plasma showed positive agglutination with all family members tested; however, when tested with routine panel cells, no reactivity was observed. CONCLUSION This case study showed that the presence of the novel variant (RHAG c.140T>C), encoding a p.(Phe47Ser) change in the RhAG glycoprotein, was the apparent cause of incompatibility between maternal plasma and that of red cells from the proband, father and older sibling of the proband. We propose this variant to be a new low-prevalence antigen in the RHAG blood group system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saion Chatterjee
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda Millard
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suwat Chiawchan
- Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawan Chanthet
- Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James Daly
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Hyland
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pimpin Kitpoka
- Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanya Powley
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yew-Wah Liew
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Lopez GH, Emthip M, Suwanwootichai P, Millard GM, Wilson B, Onpuns S, Laemsri K, Chiewsilp P, Flower RL, Hyland CA, Liew Y. Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti-s D antibody in a GP.Mur/Mur Thai mother and review of the prevalence of s D in Thai blood donors. Transfusion 2022; 62:2137-2142. [PMID: 36062546 PMCID: PMC9826107 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-prevalence antigen sD (MNS23) is encoded by GYPB c.173C > G. Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to anti-sD is rare. A mother delivered a newborn whose red blood cells (RBCs) were DAT-positive and was later diagnosed with HDFN. Serum from the mother was incompatible with the father's RBCs and was used to screen 184 Thai blood donors. This study aimed to investigate the cause of HDFN in a Thai family and determine the prevalence of sD in Thai blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three family members and four blood donors were investigated in the study. Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) was used for genotyping. Standard hemagglutination techniques were used in titration studies, phenotyping, and enzyme/chemical studies. Anti-s, anti-Mia , anti-JENU, and anti-sD reagents were used in serological investigations. RESULTS The mother was GYP*Mur/Mur. The father and the four donors were GYPB*s/sD predicting S - s + sD +. The baby was GYP*Mur/sD and his RBCs were Mia +, s + w with anti-s (P3BER) and JENU+w . RBCs from two GYPB*sD -positive blood donors reacted with anti-sD (Dreyer). Proteolytic enzyme α-chymotrypsin-treated sD + cells did not react with anti-sD (Wat) produced by the GP.Mur/Mur mother but reacted with the original anti-sD (Dreyer). DISCUSSION This is the first report of HDFN due to anti-sD in the Asian population. The genotype frequency for GYPB*sD in a selected Thai blood donor population is 2.2% (4/184). Anti-sD should be considered in mothers with Southeast Asian or East Asian background when antibody identification is unresolved in pregnancies affected by HDFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghis H. Lopez
- Research and Development, Clinical Services and ResearchAustralian Red Cross LifebloodKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia,School of Health and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Morakot Emthip
- Red Cell Reference LaboratoryNational Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | | | - Glenda M. Millard
- Research and Development, Clinical Services and ResearchAustralian Red Cross LifebloodKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia,Red Cell Reference LaboratoryClinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross LifebloodKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
| | - Brett Wilson
- Red Cell Reference LaboratoryClinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross LifebloodKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sunisa Onpuns
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, King Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalThai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Kanchana Laemsri
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, King Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalThai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Pimol Chiewsilp
- Red Cell Reference LaboratoryNational Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Robert L. Flower
- Research and Development, Clinical Services and ResearchAustralian Red Cross LifebloodKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Catherine A. Hyland
- Research and Development, Clinical Services and ResearchAustralian Red Cross LifebloodKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Yew‐Wah Liew
- Red Cell Reference LaboratoryClinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross LifebloodKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
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4
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Talwar M, Jain A, Sharma RR, Kumar P, Saha SC, Singh L. The spectrum of ABO haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in neonates born to group O mothers. Vox Sang 2022; 117:1112-1120. [PMID: 35667836 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ABO haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a lesser recognized entity; however, the severity may vary in neonates. This prospective observational study was performed to determine the severity and risk of ABO-HDFN in neonates born to O group mothers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 260 neonates born to non-alloimmunized blood group O mothers were recruited. Blood group O neonates were excluded from the study. Neonatal direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was performed using the column agglutination technique. They were monitored for clinical and laboratory parameters and followed up at 6-8 weeks. The maternal anti-A and anti-B titres (IgM and IgG) were also done. RESULTS A total of 176 neonates with blood group A (77/260; 29.6%) and B (99/260; 38.1%) were finally included in the study, and 15 (8.5%) of them were DAT positive. Overall, 26.7% (47/176) neonates received phototherapy, 172 (97.7%) survived and none required readmission. The median (inter-quartile range [IQR]) maternal IgG anti-B titre (32 [32-64]) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the IgG anti-A titre (16 [8-64]). The maximum total serum bilirubin in neonates had a significant positive association with neonatal birth weight (p = 0.045), positive DAT (p = 0.006) and requirement of phototherapy (p < 0.001). The relative risk (95% CI) of a DAT-positive neonate requiring phototherapy was 4.55 (3.12-6.33). CONCLUSION The frequency of ABO incompatibility in neonates born to group O mothers was 67.69% (176/260). The maternal IgG titre of ≥64 could be a good predictor for identifying the neonates at risk of developing hyperbilirubinaemia requiring phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Talwar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ratti Ram Sharma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Saha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Lakhvinder Singh
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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5
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Ginige S, Daly J, Hyland C, Powley T, O'Brien H, Moreno AM, Gardener G, Flower R. The role of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal blood group typing in Australia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 62:33-36. [PMID: 34661280 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal alloimmunisation against red blood cell antigens can cause haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Although most frequently caused by anti-D, since the implementation of rhesus D (RhD) immunoglobulin prophylaxis, other alloantibodies have become more prevalent in HDFN. Recent advances in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) have allowed early prediction of HDFN risk in alloimmunised pregnancies and allow clinicians to focus health resources on those pregnancies that require intervention. This article aims to provide updates on the current status of NIPT in Australia as both a diagnostic and screening tool in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila Ginige
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Daly
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Tanya Powley
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen O'Brien
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana M Moreno
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenn Gardener
- Mater Centre for Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Flower
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Pazourkova E, Zednikova I, Korabecna M, Kralova J, Pisacka M, Novotna M, Calda P, Horinek A. Optimization of diagnostic strategy for non-invasive cell-free foetal RHD determination from maternal plasma. Vox Sang 2021; 116:1012-1019. [PMID: 33761162 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to optimize routine non-invasive prenatal detection of fetal RHD gene from plasma of RhD-negative pregnant women (the median of gestational age was 25 weeks, range 10-38) to detect RhD materno-fetal incompatibility and to avoid the redundant immunoprophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially only one exon of RHD gene (exon 10) was investigated in 281 plasma samples (144 verified after delivery), in the second phase three RHD exons (5, 7, 10) were analyzed in 246 samples of plasma and maternal genomic DNA (204 verified) by real-time PCR method. Detection of Y-chromosomal sequence DYS-14 and five X-chromosomal insertion/deletion polymorphisms was used to confirm the fetal cfDNA detectability in plasma. Specific polymorphisms in RHD gene were detected by sequence-specific primer PCR in nine samples. RESULTS When only the RHD exon 10 was tested, 2·8% of verified samples were false positive and 3·5% false negative. With three RHD exons (5, 7, 10) and maternal genomic DNA testing, only one case was false negative (0·5%). Nine samples were inconclusive due to RHD-positive results in maternal genomic DNA. These samples were analyzed for specific mutations in RHD gene. Combination of both methods for fetal cfDNA verification succeeded in 75% of tested group. CONCLUSION Implementation of analysis of three RHD exons and maternal genomic DNA to routine practice lowers dramatically the ratio of false positive and negative results. This method enables more accurate determination of fetal RHD status with the reduction of unnecessary medical care and RhD immunoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pazourkova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic.,Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Zednikova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Korabecna
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kralova
- Department of Immunohematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pisacka
- Department of Immunohematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Novotna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Calda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Horinek
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic.,3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
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Seheult JN, Stram MN, Pearce T, Bub CB, Emery SP, Kutner J, Watanabe-Okochi N, Sperry JL, Takanashi M, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH. The risk to future pregnancies of transfusing Rh(D)-negative females of childbearing potential with Rh(D)-positive red blood cells during trauma resuscitation is dependent on their age at transfusion. Vox Sang 2021; 116:831-840. [PMID: 33491789 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A risk assessment model for predicting the risk of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in future pregnancies following the transfusion of Rh(D)-positive red blood cell (RBC)-containing products to females of childbearing potential (FCP) was developed, accounting for the age that the FCP is transfused in various countries. METHODS The HDFN risk prediction model included the following inputs: risk of FCP death in trauma, Rh(D) alloimmunization rate following Rh(D)-positive RBC transfusion, expected number of live births following resuscitation, probability of carrying an Rh(D)-positive fetus, the probability of HDFN in an Rh(D)-positive fetus carried by an alloimmunized mother. The model was implemented in Microsoft R Open, and one million FCPs of each age between 18 and 49 years old were simulated. Published data from eight countries, including the United States, were utilized to generate country-specific HDFN risk estimates. RESULTS The risk predictions showed similar characteristics for each country in that the overall risk of having a pregnancy affected by HDFN was higher if the FCP was younger when she received her Rh(D)-positive transfusion than if she was older. In the United States, the overall risk of HDFN if the FCP was transfused at age 18 was 3·4% (mild: 1·20%, moderate: 0·45%; severe: 1·15%; IUFD: 0·57%); the risk was approximately 0% if the FCP was 43 years or older at the time of transfusion. CONCLUSION This model can be used to predict HDFN outcomes when establishing transfusion policies as it relates to the administration of Rh(D)-positive products for massively bleeding FCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansen N Seheult
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Vitalant, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Pearce
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Emery
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jose Kutner
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jason L Sperry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Minoko Takanashi
- Japanese Red Cross Society Blood Service Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Darrell J Triulzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Vitalant, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark H Yazer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Vitalant, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Di Ciaccio P, Cutts B, Alahakoon TI, Dennington PM, Soo LA, Curnow J. Clinical consequences of the extremely rare anti-PP1Pk isoantibodies in pregnancy: a case series and review of the literature. Vox Sang 2020; 116:591-600. [PMID: 33326620 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of the red cell antigens P, P1 and Pk , known as 'p', represents an extremely rare red cell phenotype. Individuals with this phenotype spontaneously form anti-PP1Pk isoantibodies, associated with severe haemolytic transfusion reactions, recurrent spontaneous abortion and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). METHODS We report a series of four successful pregnancies in three women with anti-PP1Pk isoantibodies, one complicated by HDFN, another by intrauterine growth restriction, all managed supportively. We also review the literature regarding the management of pregnancy involving anti-PP1Pk isoimmunization. RESULTS The literature surrounding anti-PP1Pk in pregnancy is limited to a very small number of case reports. The majority report management with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with or without intravenous immunoglobulin. The relationship between titre and risk of pregnancy loss remains unclear, though a history of recurrent pregnancy loss appears important. Although a positive cord blood direct antiglobulin test is frequently noted, clinically significant HDFN appears uncommon, though possible. CONCLUSION Early initiation of TPE in high risk patients should be strongly considered. If possible, pregnancies should be managed in a high-risk obstetric or maternal fetal medicine service. The fetus should be monitored closely with interval fetal ultrasound and middle cerebral artery peak systolic volume Doppler to screen for fetal anaemia. Timely sourcing of compatible blood products is likely to be highly challenging, and both directed and autologous donation should be contemplated where appropriate. The International Red Cell Donor Panel may also provide access to compatible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Di Ciaccio
- Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Briony Cutts
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Luke A Soo
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Curnow
- Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Shahverdi E, Moghaddam M, Abolghasemi H. First report of the rare RhCE-depleted D--phenotype in sixteen people of Iranian origin. Vox Sang 2019; 114:256-261. [PMID: 30784072 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In transfusion medicine, it may be a challenge to acquire compatible blood for patients who have clinically important alloantibodies to high-prevalence antigens. The aim of this study was to study prevalence of rare D-- phenotype in samples from patients and their relatives referred to the Immunohematology reference laboratory of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization and the detection and identification of the phenotype and associated antibodies, particularly in an antenatal setting. This is the first report of the cases evaluated by the IBTO and family studies of the D-- proposita in Iran and possibly the first attempted comprehensive study in the current transfusion-related literatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 6720 pregnant women and individuals with difficult positive pretransfusion testing referred for ABO/Rh(D) typing and antibody screening during a period of 8 years from 2008 to December 2016 in the Immunohematology Reference Laboratory of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran. RESULTS During 2008 to December 2016, 16 persons from ten families were detected to have rare D-- phenotype. Anti-Rh17 and anti-c were identified in plasma of the 11 persons, including 10 females with a history of multiple unsuccessful pregnancy and the total number of 24 abortions and one male with history of blood transfusion vs. 5 individuals, including an unmarried single woman, 1 person with a history of first-time pregnancy and 3 persons with a history of multiple pregnancy, who showed no alloimmunization. Based on these collective findings, we interpreted these results as being confirmed as D-- phenotype (0.23%). CONCLUSION Irrespective of Rh (D) group a serological antibody screening test is recommended to be required in a National prenatal testing guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shahverdi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mostafa Moghaddam
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolghasemi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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de Haas M, Thurik FF, Koelewijn JM, van der Schoot CE. Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Vox Sang 2015; 109:99-113. [PMID: 25899660 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Haemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) is caused by maternal alloimmunization against red blood cell antigens. In severe cases, HDFN may lead to fetal anaemia with a risk for fetal death and to severe forms of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia with a risk for kernicterus. Most severe cases are caused by anti-D, despite the introduction of antental and postnatal anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis. In general, red blood cell antibody screening programmes are aimed to detect maternal alloimmunization early in pregnancy to facilitate the identification of high-risk cases to timely start antenatal and postnatal treatment. In this review, an overview of the clinical relevance of red cell alloantibodies in relation to occurrence of HDFN and recent views on prevention, screening and treatment options of HDFN are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Haas
- Department of Immunohaematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research Amsterdam and Landsteiner laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F F Thurik
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research Amsterdam and Landsteiner laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M Koelewijn
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research Amsterdam and Landsteiner laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of General Practice, University Medical Centre, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C E van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research Amsterdam and Landsteiner laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kapur R, Della Valle L, Sonneveld M, Hipgrave Ederveen A, Visser R, Ligthart P, de Haas M, Wuhrer M, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Low anti-RhD IgG-Fc-fucosylation in pregnancy: a new variable predicting severity in haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:936-45. [PMID: 24909983 PMCID: PMC4282073 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) may occur when maternal IgG antibodies against red blood cells (RBCs), often anti-RhD (anti-D) antibodies, cross the placenta and mediate the destruction of RBCs via phagocytic IgG-Fc-receptors (FcγR). Clinical severity is not strictly related to titre and is more accurately predicted by the diagnostically-applied monocyte-based antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a sensitive test with relatively low specificity. This suggests that other factors are involved in the pathogenesis of HDFN. Binding of IgG to FcγR requires the N-linked glycan at position 297 in the IgG-Fc-region, consisting of several different glycoforms. We therefore systematically analysed IgG-derived glycopeptides by mass spectrometry from 70 anti-D IgG1 antibodies purified from the plasma of alloimmunized pregnant women. This revealed a variable decrease in Fc-fucosylation in the majority of anti-D IgG1 (even down to 12%), whereas the total IgG of these patients remained highly fucosylated, like in healthy individuals (>90%). The degree of anti-D fucosylation correlated significantly with CD16 (FcγRIIIa)-mediated ADCC, in agreement with increased affinity of defucosylated IgG to human FcγRIIIa. Additionally, low anti-D fucosylation correlated significantly with low fetal-neonatal haemoglobin levels, thus with increased haemolysis, suggesting IgG-fucosylation to be an important pathological feature in HDFN with diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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