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Lupieri A, Nagata Y, Passos LSA, Beker-Greene D, Kirkwood KA, Wylie-Sears J, Alvandi Z, Higashi H, Hung JW, Singh SA, Bischoff J, Levine RA, Aikawa E. Integration of Functional Imaging, Cytometry, and Unbiased Proteomics Reveals New Features of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Ischemic Mitral Valve Regurgitation in Human Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:688396. [PMID: 34458332 PMCID: PMC8387660 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.688396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Following myocardial infarction, mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common complication. Previous animal studies demonstrated the association of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) with mitral valve (MV) remodeling. Nevertheless, little is known about how MV tissue responds to ischemic heart changes in humans. Methods: MVs were obtained by the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network from 17 patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Echo-doppler imaging assessed MV function at time of resection. Cryosections of MVs were analyzed using a multi-faceted histology and immunofluorescence examination of cell populations. MVs were further analyzed using unbiased label-free proteomics. Echo-Doppler imaging, histo-cytometry measures and proteomic analysis were then integrated. Results: MVs from patients with greater MR exhibited proteomic changes associated with proteolysis-, inflammatory- and oxidative stress-related processes compared to MVs with less MR. Cryosections of MVs from patients with IMR displayed activated valvular interstitial cells (aVICs) and double positive CD31+ αSMA+ cells, a hallmark of EndMT. Univariable and multivariable association with echocardiography measures revealed a positive correlation of MR severity with both cellular and geometric changes (e.g., aVICs, EndMT, leaflet thickness, leaflet tenting). Finally, proteomic changes associated with EndMT showed gene-ontology enrichment in vesicle-, inflammatory- and oxidative stress-related processes. This discovery approach indicated new candidate proteins associated with EndMT regulation in IMR. Conclusion: We describe an atypical cellular composition and distinctive proteome of human MVs from patients with IMR, which highlighted new candidate proteins implicated in EndMT-related processes, associated with maladaptive MV fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Lupieri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yasufumi Nagata
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Livia S A Passos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dakota Beker-Greene
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katherine A Kirkwood
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine, International Center for Health Outcomes and Innovation Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jill Wylie-Sears
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zahra Alvandi
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Judy W Hung
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Division of Cardiology and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Hofmann J, Gadjalova I, Mishra R, Ruland J, Keppler SJ. Efficient Tissue Clearing and Multi-Organ Volumetric Imaging Enable Quantitative Visualization of Sparse Immune Cell Populations During Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:599495. [PMID: 33569052 PMCID: PMC7869862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial information of cells in their tissue microenvironment is necessary to understand the complexity of pathophysiological processes. Volumetric imaging of cleared organs provides this information; however, current protocols are often elaborate, expensive, and organ specific. We developed a simplified, cost-effective, non-hazardous approach for efficient tissue clearing and multi-organ volumetric imaging (EMOVI). EMOVI enabled multiplexed antibody-based immunolabeling, provided adequate tissue transparency, maintained cellular morphology and preserved fluorochromes. Exemplarily, EMOVI allowed the detection and quantification of scarce cell populations during pneumonitis. EMOVI also permitted histo-cytometric analysis of MHC-II expressing cells, revealing distinct populations surrounding or infiltrating glomeruli of nephritic kidneys. Using EMOVI, we found widefield microscopy with real-time computational clearing as a valuable option for rapid image acquisition and detection of rare cellular events in cleared organs. EMOVI has the potential to make tissue clearing and volumetric imaging of immune cells applicable for a broad audience by facilitating flexibility in organ, fluorochrome and microscopy usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hofmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, München rechts der Isar (MRI), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Iana Gadjalova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, München rechts der Isar (MRI), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Ritu Mishra
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, München rechts der Isar (MRI), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, München rechts der Isar (MRI), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Selina J Keppler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, München rechts der Isar (MRI), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Germani E, Lelouard H, Fallet M. SAPHIR: a Shiny application to analyze tissue section images. F1000Res 2020; 9:1276. [PMID: 33968376 PMCID: PMC8078219 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27062.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of cell populations in tissues using immunofluorescence is a powerful method for both basic and medical research. Image acquisitions performed by confocal microscopy notably allow excellent lateral resolution and more than 10 parameter measurements when using spectral or multiplex imaging. Analysis of such complex images can be very challenging and easily lead to bias and misinterpretation. Here, we have developed the Shiny Analytical Plot of Histological Image Results (SAPHIR), an R shiny application for histo-cytometry using scatterplot representation of data extracted by segmentation. It offers many features, such as filtering of spurious data points, selection of cell subsets on scatterplot, visualization of scatterplot selections back into the image, statistics of selected data and data annotation. Our application allows to characterize labeled cells, from their phenotype to their number and location in the tissue, as well as their interaction with other cells. SAPHIR is available from: https://github.com/elodiegermani/SAPHIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathieu Fallet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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Abstract
Study of cell populations in tissues using immunofluorescence is a powerful method for both basic and medical research. Image acquisitions performed by confocal microscopy notably allow excellent lateral resolution and more than 10 parameter measurements when using spectral or multiplex imaging. Analysis of such complex images can be very challenging and easily lead to bias and misinterpretation. Here, we have developed the Shiny Analytical Plot of Histological Image Results (SAPHIR), an R shiny application for histo-cytometry using scatterplot representation of data extracted by segmentation. It offers many features, such as filtering of spurious data points, selection of cell subsets on scatterplot, visualization of scatterplot selections back into the image, statistics of selected data and data annotation. Our application allows to characterize labeled cells, from their phenotype to their number and location in the tissue, as well as their interaction with other cells. SAPHIR is available from: https://github.com/elodiegermani/SAPHIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathieu Fallet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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Li W, Germain RN, Gerner MY. Multiplex, quantitative cellular analysis in large tissue volumes with clearing-enhanced 3D microscopy (C e3D). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7321-30. [PMID: 28808033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708981114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ homeostasis, cellular differentiation, signal relay, and in situ function all depend on the spatial organization of cells in complex tissues. For this reason, comprehensive, high-resolution mapping of cell positioning, phenotypic identity, and functional state in the context of macroscale tissue structure is critical to a deeper understanding of diverse biological processes. Here we report an easy to use method, clearing-enhanced 3D (Ce3D), which generates excellent tissue transparency for most organs, preserves cellular morphology and protein fluorescence, and is robustly compatible with antibody-based immunolabeling. This enhanced signal quality and capacity for extensive probe multiplexing permits quantitative analysis of distinct, highly intermixed cell populations in intact Ce3D-treated tissues via 3D histo-cytometry. We use this technology to demonstrate large-volume, high-resolution microscopy of diverse cell types in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs, as well as to perform quantitative analysis of the composition and tissue distribution of multiple cell populations in lymphoid tissues. Combined with histo-cytometry, Ce3D provides a comprehensive strategy for volumetric quantitative imaging and analysis that bridges the gap between conventional section imaging and disassociation-based techniques.
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