Corrigendum: Infratentorial superficial siderosis: report of six cases and review of the literature

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1373358.].

Infratentorial superficial siderosis: report of six cases and review of the literature

Objectives

To investigate the etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging features, and treatment of patients with infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS), enhance clinicians' comprehension of this rare disease, and conduct oral deferiprone intervention and subsequent monitoring.

Methods

Six patients diagnosed with iSS based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) were enrolled from 2021 to 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Their clinical datas were summarized, and the etiology and imaging characteristics were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through telephone or outpatient visits.

Results

Among the 6 patients, there were 3 males and 3 females. The onset age ranged from 35 to 71 years, with an average onset age of 53 years. The clinical symptoms mainly included acoustic disturbances (6/6), gait imbalance (6/6), dysolfactory (6/6), cognitive impairment (2/6), epilepsy (2/6), and pyramidal tract sign (2/6). Evidence of superficial siderosis was observed on MRI across the cortex, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord in all patients. T2-space sequence MRI revealed two instances of dural tear. During the follow-up period ranging from 1 month to 3 years, three patients who received oral deferiprone treatment showed improvement, whereas the remaining three patients who declined deferiprone treatment demonstrated progression.

Conclusion

The primary clinical manifestations of iSS include bilateral sensorineural hearing disturbances, progressive cerebellar ataxia, and spinal cord lesions. The key diagnostic criteria involve the presence of linear hypointensity on T2-WI in the surface region of the nervous system. Dural tear caused by various factors is considered to be the most common cause of iSS, and its treatment mainly involves surgical intervention for hemorrhagic primary diseases as well as pharmacotherapy with deferiprone.

Case Report: Auditory Neuropathy and Central Auditory Processing Deficits in a Neuro-Otological Case-Study of Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis

Hearing and balance impairment are the most frequently reported features of infratentorial (classical) superficial siderosis (iSS). There are few comprehensive descriptions of audiovestibular function in iSS and therefore limited understanding of the affected segment(s) of the audiovestibular pathway. In addition, monitoring disease progression and response to treatment is challenging and currently mainly guided by subjective patient reports and magnetic resonance imaging. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports assessing central auditory function in iSS. We describe such findings in a patient with iSS in an attempt to precisely localize the site of the audiovestibular dysfunction, determine its severity and functional impact. We confirm the presence of (asymmetrical) auditory neuropathy and identify central auditory processing deficits, suggesting involvement of the central auditory pathway beyond the brainstem. We correlate the audiological and vestibular findings with self-report measures and the siderosis appearances on brain magnetic resonance images.