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Xie N, Gross AD. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation synergizes the knockdown and toxicity of GABA-gated chloride channel insecticides. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:4599-4607. [PMID: 35841135 PMCID: PMC9805118 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pest management requires continual identification of new physiological targets and strategies to control pests affecting agriculture and public/animal health. We propose the muscarinic system as a target for agrochemicals because of its physiological importance. Unlike the muscarinic system, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors are an established insecticide target. Here, we investigated target-site synergism using small molecule probes (agonist and antagonist) against the muscarinic system and their ability to enhance the toxicity of GABAergic insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). RESULTS Oral delivery of pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist) enhanced the toxicity of dieldrin, fipronil, and lindane, resulting in synergist ratios (SRs) between 4-32-fold (orally delivered) or between 2-67-fold when insecticides were topically applied. The synergism between pilocarpine and the GABA-insecticides was greater than the synergism observed with atropine (muscarinic antagonist), and was greater, or comparable, to the synergism observed with the metabolic inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. In addition to lethality, pilocarpine increased the knockdown of lindane. The mechanism of synergism was also investigated in the central nervous system using extracellular electrophysiology, where pilocarpine (3 μmo/L) lowered the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of lindane from 1.3 (0.86-1.98) μmol/L to 0.17 (0.14-0.21) μmol/L and fipronil's IC50 from 2.2 (1.54-3.29) μmol/L to 0.56 (0.40-0.77) μmol/L. CONCLUSION Convergence of the cellular function between the muscarinic and GABAergic systems enhanced the insecticidal activity of GABA receptor blocking insecticides through the modulation of the central nervous system (CNS). The future impact of the findings could be the reduction of the active ingredient needed in a formulation with the development of muscarinic synergists. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- Molecular Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of EntomologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Aaron D. Gross
- Molecular Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of EntomologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
- School of Neuroscience, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVirginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod‐borne Diseases, and Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA
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Lu Y, Rao Q, Zhang Q, Liu X, Song W, Guan S, Chen S, Song W. Study on the Dynamic Difference between Single and Mixed Residues of Three Neonicotinoids in Brassica chinensis L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216495. [PMID: 34770902 PMCID: PMC8588522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple insecticides’ residues after the mixed application of several neonicotinoids cause combined pollution and bring new challenges to food safety and pest control during agricultural production. In this study, three neonicotinoid insecticides, namely imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), and thiamethoxam (TMX), were mixed and evenly sprayed on Brassica chinensis L. in the field. Then, the insecticides’ residues were dynamically monitored to determine the differences in their rates of dissipation and final residues after 10 days. The results showed that the dissipation kinetics of neonicotinoids still conformed to the first-order kinetic model for binary or ternary application of neonicotinoid mixtures, with all determination coefficients (R2) being above 0.9 and the dissipation half-life (DT50) being 2.87–6.74 d. For treatment groups with five times the recommended dosages (IMI 300 g·hm−2, ACE 900 g·hm−2, and TMX 600 g·hm−2), mixed insecticides had a slower dissipation rate, and the DT50 values of mixtures were longer than those of single insecticides. Moreover, the final insecticide residues with mixed application were higher than those of single compounds at 10 d after spraying. Thus, mixed applications of neonicotinoids may increase food safety risks as they increase the final insecticide residues in Brassica chinensis L., and care should therefore be taken when considering the combined use of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Lu
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shuhui Guan
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.L.); (Q.R.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (W.S.); (S.G.); (S.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence:
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Slater R, Stratonovitch P, Elias J, Semenov MA, Denholm I. Use of an individual-based simulation model to explore and evaluate potential insecticide resistance management strategies. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:1364-1372. [PMID: 27734572 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tools with the potential to predict risks of insecticide resistance and aid the evaluation and design of resistance management tactics are of value to all sectors of the pest management community. Here we describe use of a versatile individual-based model of resistance evolution to simulate how strategies employing single and multiple insecticides influence resistance development in the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus. RESULTS Under repeated exposure to a single insecticide, resistance evolved faster to a pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin) than to a pyridine azomethane (pymetrozine), due to difference in initial efficacy. A mixture of these compounds delayed resistance compared to use of single products. The effectiveness of rotations depended on the sequence in which compounds were applied in response to pest density thresholds. Effectiveness of a mixture strategy declined with reductions in grower compliance. At least 50% compliance was needed to cause some delay in resistance development. CONCLUSION No single strategy meets all requirements for managing resistance. It is important to evaluate factors that prevail under particular pest management scenarios. The model used here provides operators with a valuable means for evaluating and extending sound resistance management advice, as well as understanding needs and opportunities offered by new control techniques. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Slater
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Research Biology, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Stratonovitch
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Jan Elias
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Research Biology, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail A Semenov
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Ian Denholm
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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